Effects of Stepwise Isothermal Annealing on Grain Size Uniformity and Strength–Toughness Balance of 9Cr-3W-3Co Martensitic Heat-Resistant Steel

Wei Zhen; Huo Jie; Yi Pengyue; Li Xiao; Li Hongmei

doi:10.20057/j.1003-8620.N260043

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Effects of Stepwise Isothermal Annealing on Grain Size Uniformity and Strength–Toughness Balance of 9Cr-3W-3Co Martensitic Heat-Resistant Steel

Product Research and Development | 更新时间：2026-06-30

- Effects of Stepwise Isothermal Annealing on Grain Size Uniformity and Strength–Toughness Balance of 9Cr-3W-3Co Martensitic Heat-Resistant Steel
- Special Steel Pages: 1-8(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.中国第一重型机械股份公司，齐齐哈尔 161042
  2.天津重型装备工程研究有限公司，天津 300457
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.20057/j.1003-8620.N260043
  CLC： TG156.25
- Received：18 March 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-04-13，
  
  Accepted：14 April 2026，
  
  Online First：06 May 2026，
- 稿件说明：
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韦振,霍洁,伊鹏跃等.分步式等温退火对9Cr-3W-3Co系马氏体耐热钢晶粒均匀性与强韧性的影响[J].特殊钢,

Wei Zhen,Huo Jie,Yi Pengyue,et al.Effects of Stepwise Isothermal Annealing on Grain Size Uniformity and Strength–Toughness Balance of 9Cr-3W-3Co Martensitic Heat-Resistant Steel[J].Special Steel,
韦振,霍洁,伊鹏跃等.分步式等温退火对9Cr-3W-3Co系马氏体耐热钢晶粒均匀性与强韧性的影响[J].特殊钢, DOI：.

Wei Zhen,Huo Jie,Yi Pengyue,et al.Effects of Stepwise Isothermal Annealing on Grain Size Uniformity and Strength–Toughness Balance of 9Cr-3W-3Co Martensitic Heat-Resistant Steel[J].Special Steel, DOI：.

摘要

针对大型转子用9Cr-3 W-3Co系马氏体耐热钢因锻后组织遗传导致晶粒粗大与不均的问题，本研究探索了分步式等温退火（单步式与分步式）结合回火温度（700、710、720 ℃）对材料组织均匀性与力学性能的影响。结果表明，两种等温退火结合正火处理均可将奥氏体晶粒细化至ASTM 7.0级以上，其中分步式等温退火显著改善了晶粒尺寸的空间均匀性，有效削弱了锻后组织遗传效应。调质处理后，不同等温退火工艺试样的强度与塑性差异较小（

5%），但分步式等温退火明显提升了冲击韧性，数据离散度降低。回火温度对强韧性匹配起主导作用：随温度由700 ℃升至720 ℃，抗拉强度由852 MPa降至817 MPa，冲击吸收功由22.3 J增至33.3 J。分步式等温退火结合710 ℃回火使材料获得最佳综合性能（Rm

830 MPa，Rp

0.2

680 MPa，冲击功

24 J），这主要归因于碳化物细化、均匀分布及原奥晶粒均匀性的改善。研究结果为630 ℃超超临界汽轮机高压转子工程化应用提供数据及理论支持。

Abstract

The coarse and non-uniform grain structures arising from microstructural heredity in large rotors fabricated from 9Cr-3 W-3Co martensitic heat-resistant steel present a significant challenge to m

echanical property uniformity. This study investigates the influence of isothermal annealing pretreatment （single-step and stepwise） in conjunction with tempering temperature （700 ℃， 710 ℃， and 720 ℃） on microstructural homogeneity and mechanical properties. Both annealing routes， followed by normalizing， refined the prior austenite grains to ASTM No. 7.0 or finer. Notably， stepwise isothermal annealing substantially enhanced the spatial uniformity of the grain size and effectively mitigated the post-forging microstructural heredity. Following quenching and tempering， differences in strength and ductility between specimens subjected to the different isothermal annealing cycles were negligible （

5%）. However， stepwise annealing significantly improved impact toughness and reduced data scatter. Tempering temperature was identified as the dominant factor controlling the strength-toughness balance： increasing the tempering temperature from 700 ℃ to 720 ℃， decreased the tensile strength from 852 MPa to 817 MPa， while concurrently increasing the impact absorbed energy from 22.3 J to 33.3 J. The optimal combination of properties （Rm

830 MPa， Rp

0.2

680 MPa， impact energy

24 J） was achieved through stepwise isothermal annealing followed by tempering at 710 ℃. This improvement is primarily attributed to the refinement and homogeneous distribution of carbides， as well as improved prior austenite grain uniformity. These findings provide a critical theoretical and experimental foundation for the engineering application of this material in 630 ℃ ultra-supercritical high-pressure turbine rotors.

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