Evolution of Carbides in AISI M3：2 Powder Metallurgy Tool Steel during High-temperature Holding Process

Liu Hengsan; Zhou Xu; Zhang Guoqing

doi:10.20057/j.1003-8620.N260046

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Evolution of Carbides in AISI M3：2 Powder Metallurgy Tool Steel during High-temperature Holding Process

Forming and Phase Transition | 更新时间：2026-05-14

- Evolution of Carbides in AISI M3：2 Powder Metallurgy Tool Steel during High-temperature Holding Process
- Special Steel Pages: 1-5(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.南昌职业大学，南昌330599
  2.先进特殊钢全国重点实验室（黄石），黄石435001
  3.大冶特殊钢有限公司，黄石435001
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.20057/j.1003-8620.N260046
  CLC： TG142.45
- Received：26 March 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-04-09，
  
  Accepted：13 April 2026，
  
  Online First：30 April 2026，
- 稿件说明：
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刘恒三,周许,张国清.AISI M3：2粉末工具钢中碳化物在高温保温过程中的演变[J].特殊钢,

Liu Hengsan,Zhou Xu,Zhang Guoqing.Evolution of Carbides in AISI M3：2 Powder Metallurgy Tool Steel during High-temperature Holding Process[J].Special Steel,
刘恒三,周许,张国清.AISI M3：2粉末工具钢中碳化物在高温保温过程中的演变[J].特殊钢, DOI：.

Liu Hengsan,Zhou Xu,Zhang Guoqing.Evolution of Carbides in AISI M3：2 Powder Metallurgy Tool Steel during High-temperature Holding Process[J].Special Steel, DOI：.

摘要

系统研究了AISI M3：2在不同温度保温过程中初生碳化物的演变规律及组织稳定性机制。采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对材料微观组织与碳化物析出特征进行表征，结合室温冲击韧性测试分析组织演变对力学性能的影响。研究结果表明：在1 100 ℃及以下保温时，钢中M₆C型（富钨）与MC型（富钒）初生碳化物展现出良好的热稳定性，其平均尺寸与体积分数随保温温度升高和时间延长无显著变化。这一现象主要源于粉末冶金制备工艺赋予材料的初始组织均匀性，以及两种碳化物自身极高的热力学稳定性。当保温温度升至1 150 ℃并延长保温时间时，热力学稳定性相对较低的M₆C型碳化物发生大量溶解，导致整体碳化物体积分数急剧下降；同时，未溶解的残留M₆C型碳化物发生显著粗化，并在晶界处形成不连续环状分布特征。上述组织演变最终引发材料冲击韧性的大幅降低。因此在长时间保温的情况下，1 150 ℃为该类高合金工具钢初生碳化物组织稳定性的临界温度，为其热处理工艺参数优化、热加工窗口精准调控提供了关键实验数据支撑。

Abstract

The evolution of primary carbides and the mechanism of microstructural stability in powder metallurgy AISI M3：2 steel during holding at different temperatures were systematically investigated. Scanning Electron Microscopy （SEM） was employed to characterize the microstructure and carbide precipitation characteristics of the material， and room temperature impact toughness tests were conducted to analyze the influence of microstructural evolution on mechanical properties. The research results indicate that during holding at temperatures of 1 100 ℃ and below， the M₆C-type （tungsten-rich） and MC-type （vanadium-rich） primary carbides in the steel exhibit good thermal stability. Their average size and volume fraction do not significantly change with increasing holding temperature and prolonging holding time. This phenomenon is primarily attributed to the initial microstructural homogeneity imparted to the material by the powder metallurgy preparation process， as well as the extremely high thermodynamic stability of the two carbides themselves. When the holding temperature is raised to 1 150 ℃ and the holding time is prolonged， the M₆C-type carbides with relatively low thermodynamic stability undergo substantial dissolution， leading to a sharp decrease in the overall volume fraction of carbides. Simultaneously， the undissolved residual M₆C-type carbides undergo significant coarsening and form discontinuous ring-like distribution characteristics at grain boundaries. The aforementioned microstructural evolution ultimately results in a significant reduction in the impact toughness of the material. Therefore， under prolonged holding conditions， 1 150 ℃ serves as the critical temperature for the microstructural stability of primary carbides in this type of high-alloy tool steel， providing crucial experimental data support for optimizing heat treatment process parameters and precisely controlling the hot working window.

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