The representative chemical composition system and properties of steel rails for freight transport and passenger traffic are summarized and analyzed. The key technologies of rails for railway manufacturing flow sheet including melting

continuous casting and hot rolling

and the now progress of the technologies at home and abroad are presented to put emphasis on analysis of characteristics and key technologies for manufacturing rails for railway by using universal mill. The present production status and quality level of domestic rails for railway including development of chemical composition system and manufacturing technologies are analyzed.