1.钢铁研究总院高温材料研究所,北京 100081
2.北京钢研高纳科技股份有限公司,北京 100081
3.四川钢研高纳锻造有限责任公司,德阳 618000
4.中国钢研科技集团有限公司,北京 100081
刘志凌(1998-),男,博士; E-mail:17865568136@163.com
吕少敏(1991-),男,博士,高级工程师; E-mail:lsmleon@l63.com
收稿:2025-03-11,
修回:2025-03-28,
录用:2025-03-29,
纸质出版:2025-09-30
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刘志凌,孟新宇,吕少敏等.GH4151镍基高温合金棒材微观组织研究[J].特殊钢,2025,46(05):80-86.
Liu Zhiling,Meng Xinyu,Lyu Shaomin,et al.Study on Microstructure of GH4151 Nickel-based Superalloy Bar[J].Special Steel,2025,46(05):80-86.
刘志凌,孟新宇,吕少敏等.GH4151镍基高温合金棒材微观组织研究[J].特殊钢,2025,46(05):80-86. DOI: 10.20057/j.1003-8620.2025-00063.
Liu Zhiling,Meng Xinyu,Lyu Shaomin,et al.Study on Microstructure of GH4151 Nickel-based Superalloy Bar[J].Special Steel,2025,46(05):80-86. DOI: 10.20057/j.1003-8620.2025-00063.
GH4151镍基高温合金的高合金化程度导致其在开坯过程中易产生裂纹及混晶缺陷,显著降低材料利用率,同时,GH4151的晶粒尺寸对固溶处理的温度及时间较为敏感。采用真空感应熔炼(VIM)+电渣重熔(ESR)+真空电弧重熔(VAR)三联冶炼GH4151铸锭,经过均匀化处理后开坯制备成
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200 mm棒材,通过金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及背散射电子衍射(EBSD)等表征手段,系统分析了棒材典型微观组织特征、心部裂纹及边缘混晶缺陷的形成机制,并结合固溶热处理实验,优化了固溶处理工艺。结果表明,GH4151棒材组织为均匀的等轴细晶,经标准热处理后平均晶粒尺寸14.7 μm,晶内分布大量100~200 nm的二次γ′相,赋予合金优异的高温性能;心部裂纹源于绝热温升引起的粗大晶粒及Laves相析出,裂纹扩展由一次γ′相与MC碳化物引导;边缘混晶则由变形量不足导致未完全再结晶所致;亚固溶处理最佳工艺为1 120~1 150 ℃保温90~240 min,可有效抑制晶粒异常长大。
The high alloying degree of GH4151 nickel-based superalloy leads to cracks and crystal mixing defects in the billet process, which significantly reduces the material utilization rate. Meanwhile, the grain size of GH4151 is more sensitive to the temperature and time of solid solution treatment. Using vacuum induction smelting (VIM) + electric slag remelting (ESR) + vacuum arc remelting (VAR) triple smelting GH4151 ingot, after homogenization billet preparation into
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200 mm round bar, through the metallurgical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and back scattering electron diffraction (EBSD) characterization, system analyzed the bar typical microscopic tissue characteristics, heart crack and edge mixing defect formation mechanism, and combining the experiment, optimize the solid heat treatment process. The results demonstrate that, after standard heat treatment, the GH4151 bar exhibits a uniform equiaxed fine-grained structure, with an average grain size of 14.7 μm. A high density of secondary γ' precipitates (100 nm-200 nm) is uniformly distributed within the grains, significantly enhancing the high-temperature performance. The formation of central cracks is attributed to coarse grains and Laves phase precipitates induced by adiabatic temperature rise, with crack propagation predominantly guided by primary γ' precipitates and MC carbides. The edge abnormal grain structures are primarily caused by insufficient deformation, leading to incomplete recrystallization. Solution treatment experiments indicate that the optimal sub-solvus treatment condition is 1 120°C-1 150 °C for 90 min-240 min, effectively suppressing abnormal grain growth.
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