1.北京科技大学材料科学与工程学院,北京 100083
2.抚顺特殊钢股份有限公司,抚顺 113001
韩旭(2002—),男,硕士; E-mail:hanxu6761@163.com
姚志浩(1982—),男,博士,教授; E-mail:zhihaoyao@ustb.edu.cn
收稿:2025-04-13,
修回:2025-05-19,
录用:2025-05-30,
纸质出版:2025-11-30
移动端阅览
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Han Xu,Yao Zhihao,Yang Yujun,et al.Key Smelting Processes and Quality Control Strategies of Nickel-based Superalloys[J].Special Steel,2025,46(06):54-71.
韩旭,姚志浩,杨玉军等.镍基高温合金关键熔炼工艺及其质量控制策略[J].特殊钢,2025,46(06):54-71. DOI: 10.20057/j.1003-8620.2025-00097.
Han Xu,Yao Zhihao,Yang Yujun,et al.Key Smelting Processes and Quality Control Strategies of Nickel-based Superalloys[J].Special Steel,2025,46(06):54-71. DOI: 10.20057/j.1003-8620.2025-00097.
镍基高温合金在航空航天等领域应用广泛,其熔炼工艺对其性能和质量至关重要。本文综述了基于VIM、ESR、VAR的镍基高温合金单炼、双联及三联熔炼工艺。详细分析各熔炼工艺的流程、特点、存在的缺陷及针对缺陷的研究成果,对比不同熔炼工艺在杂质去除、元素烧损控制、缺陷产生等方面的差异,明确各工艺的适用合金类型。结果发现,单炼工艺VIM适用于对纯净度要求相对较低的合金,双联熔炼工艺VIM+ESR和VIM+VAR分别在脱硫和控制易氧化元素烧损方面有优势,三联熔炼工艺VIM+ESR+VAR则能最大程度保证合金纯净度和综合性能。然而,镍基高温合金熔炼工艺仍面临杂质元素难以精确控制、易于产生缺陷等挑战。未来,应聚焦于工艺参数优化、开发新型熔炼技术、缺陷形成机制及大规格铸锭性能提升方面,为我国高温合金熔炼工艺创新发展奠定基础。
Ni-based superalloys are widely applied in fields such as aerospace,and its melting processes are of vital importance to its properties and quality. This paper reviews the single melting, double melting, and triple melting processes of Ni-based superalloys based on Vacuum Induction Melting (VIM), Electroslag Remelting (ESR), and Vacuum Arc Remelting (VAR). The flow, characteristics, existing defects of each melting process, as well as the research achievements aimed at these defects, are analyzed in detail, and the differences among different melting processes in aspects such as impurity removal, control of element burning loss, and defect generation are compared, and the applicable alloy types for each process are clarified. The results show that the single melting process of VIM is suitable for alloys with relatively low requirements for purity, while the double melting processes of VIM+ESR and VIM+VAR have their own advantages in desulfurization and controlling the burning loss of easily oxidizable elements,respectively. The triple melting process of VIM+ESR+VAR can ensure the alloy purity However, the melting process of Ni-based superalloys still faces challenges such as difficult to control impurity elements precisely and the tendency to generate defects. In the future, the research should focus on optimizing process parameters, developing new melting technologies, conducting in-depth studies on the defect formation mechanisms, and narrowing the performance gap of large-sized ingots compared with the international advanced level. This will lay the foundation for the innovative development of the melting processes of superalloys in China.
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