钢铁研究总院有限公司特殊钢研究院, 北京 100081
赵吉庆(1984—),男,博士,正高级工程师;E-mail: zhaojiqing@nercast.com
收稿:2025-05-31,
修回:2024-06-26,
录用:2024-06-26,
纸质出版:2025-07-30
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赵吉庆,杨钢,刘正东等.超超临界电站汽轮机叶片材料及组织性能控制技术[J].特殊钢,2025,46(04):1-11.
Zhao Jiqing,Yang Gang,Liu Zhengdong,et al.Control Technology of Materials and Microstructure Properties for Steam Turbine Blades in Ultra-supercritical Power Plants[J].Special Steel,2025,46(04):1-11.
赵吉庆,杨钢,刘正东等.超超临界电站汽轮机叶片材料及组织性能控制技术[J].特殊钢,2025,46(04):1-11. DOI: 10.20057/j.1003-8620.2025-00147.
Zhao Jiqing,Yang Gang,Liu Zhengdong,et al.Control Technology of Materials and Microstructure Properties for Steam Turbine Blades in Ultra-supercritical Power Plants[J].Special Steel,2025,46(04):1-11. DOI: 10.20057/j.1003-8620.2025-00147.
综述了超超临界汽轮机叶片钢和合金的研究进展和发展现状。叶片材料按使用环境不同,可分为高温叶片和末级大叶片。高温叶片材料,在役600~620 ℃超超临界电站选用9%~12%系铁素体耐热钢,630 ℃以上蒸汽参数铁基材料的热稳定性不足,需选用镍基耐热合金,世界首台630 ℃示范机组选用了80A叶片合金。700 ℃以上蒸汽参数镍基叶片合金仍处于研发阶段,世界各国的候选材料均为γ’时效强化型镍基合金,我国已开发出W/Mo复合强化的GY200镍基叶片合金。末级大叶片可分为12%Cr马氏体钢、高Cr沉淀强化型不锈钢、钛合金,新一代末级叶片钢2Cr12Ni4Mo3VNbN、B50A789G具有更高的强度韧性匹配,将逐渐替代传统的12%Cr马氏体钢和17-4PH叶片钢,应用于大功率机组。从成分控制、二次重熔、锻造开坯、终锻成型工艺等方面,总结了用量最广的铁素体(马氏体)系叶片钢的成分-组织-性能的关系,以及生产过程的关键控制技术。对叶片钢的发展提出建议与展望,未来10年,对于铁素体(马氏体)系叶片钢,低成本的纯净化冶炼技术、批量化的质量稳定性控制技术是未来主要发展方向,对于700 ℃镍基叶片合金,国内正在开展材料与产品的设计开发攻关,预计2030年形成技术突破,开发出自主化的叶片合金和产品。
The research progress and development status of ultra-supercritical steam turbine blade steels and alloys are reviewed. According to the different operating environments, blade materials can be classified into high-temperature blades and last-stage large blades. For high-temperature blade materials, 9% to 12% ferritic heat-resistant steels are used in 600 ℃-620 ℃ ultra-supercritical power plants in operation. For steam parameters above 630 ℃, the thermal stability of iron-based materials is insufficient, and nickel-based heat-resistant alloys need to be selected. The world's first 630 ℃demonstration unit selected 80A blade alloy. Nickel-based blade alloys for steam parameters above 700 ℃are still in the research and development stage. The candidate materials in various countries are all γ' precipitation-strengthened nickel-based alloys,and China has developed the W/Mo composite-strengthened GY200 nickel-based blade alloy. Last-stage large blades can be divided into 12%Cr martensitic steel, high-Cr precipitation-strengthened stainless steel, and titanium alloys. The new generation of last-stage blade steels, 2Cr12Ni4Mo3VNbN and B50A789G, have a better strength-toughness match and will gradually replace traditional 12%Cr martensitic steel and 17-4PH blade steel, being applied in high-power units. The relationship between composition, microstructure, and properties of the most widely used ferritic (martensitic) blade steels is summarized from aspects such as composition control, secondary remelting, forging billet, and final forging forming process, as well as the key control technologies in the production process. Suggestions and prospects for the development of blade steels are proposed. In the next 10 years, for ferritic (martensitic) blade steels, low-cost purification smelting technology and batch quality stability control technology will be the main development directions. For 700°C nickel-based blade alloys, domestic research and development of materials and products are underway and will become the main development direction in the field of blade materials. It is expected that a technological breakthrough will be achieved by 2030, and self-developed blade alloys and products will be developed.
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