1.北京科技大学冶金与生态工程学院,北京 100083
2.广西北港新材料有限公司,北海 536000
3.北方工业大学机械与材料工程学院,北京 100144
徐学军(2001—),男,硕士; E-mail:1906409119@qq.com
张立峰(1971—),男,博士,教授; E-mail : zhanglifeng@ncut.edu.cn;Editorial Office of Special Steel. OA under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
收稿:2025-07-02,
纸质出版:2026-03-30
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徐学军,王祎,黄磊等.钢包包底结构优化对连铸坯洁净度的影响[J].特殊钢,2026,47(02):71-79.
Xu Xuejun,Wang Yi,Huang Lei,et al.Effect of Ladle Bottom Optimization on the Slab Cleanliness of Continuous Casting Slabs[J].Special Steel,2026,47(02):71-79.
徐学军,王祎,黄磊等.钢包包底结构优化对连铸坯洁净度的影响[J].特殊钢,2026,47(02):71-79. DOI: 10.20057/j.1003-8620.2025-00160.
Xu Xuejun,Wang Yi,Huang Lei,et al.Effect of Ladle Bottom Optimization on the Slab Cleanliness of Continuous Casting Slabs[J].Special Steel,2026,47(02):71-79. DOI: 10.20057/j.1003-8620.2025-00160.
为探究钢包底部结构优化对钢水洁净度提升的作用机制,本研究以卷渣行为为切入点,采用漩涡临界高度作为衡量卷渣倾向的关键表征指标。通过分析水模型数据,选取台阶体积、通钢量及水口至台阶的距离三个参数,建立了其与漩涡临界高度的经验公式,并进一步拟合了台阶体积对钢包剩余钢水量的公式,为结构优化设计提供理论基础。在此基础上,设计了一种新型斜坡台阶式钢包底部结构,钢包底部优化为倾斜平面,倾斜于钢包出水口,钢包底部斜坡高度为260~220 mm,斜坡具有2
o
的坡度,坡面总高度为70 mm,这类钢包底部优化操作主要适用于150~300 t的钢包。同时开展工业试验,采用自动扫描电镜对优化前后中间包和连铸坯中夹杂物进行分析。结果表明,结构优化后,中间包钢样中
w
[T.O]由40×10⁻⁶降至27×10⁻⁶,
w
[T.N]由87×10⁻⁶降至61×10⁻⁶,大于2 μm夹杂物数密度由28个/mm²降至5个/mm²。连铸坯中10~14 μm夹杂物数量显著减少,最大尺寸由53 μm降低至24 μm,夹杂物面积分数与数密度在厚度中心下降最为明显。钢包底部结构优化可通过控制末期卷渣、抑制夹杂物迁移与富集,有效提升钢水洁净度,具有良好的工程应用价值。
To investigate the mechanism by which optimizing the ladle bottom structure improves steel cleanliness, this study focuses on slag entrapment behavior and adopts the critical vortex height as the key indicator for evaluating the tendency of slag entrainment. By analyzing the water model data, three parameters including step volume, steel throughput and the distance from the nozzle to the step, were selected to establish empirical formulas correlating them with the critical vortex height. Additionally, a formula was fitted to describe the relationship between step volume and the remaining molten steel volume in the ladle, providing a theoretical basis for structural optimization design. Based on this foundation, a novel sloped step-type ladle bottom structure was designed. The ladle bottom was optimized into an inclined plane sloping toward the
nozzle, with the sloped section ranging in height from 260 mm to 220 mm, a gradient of 2°, and a total slope height of 70 mm. This optimized bottom structure is primarily applicable to ladles with capacities between 150 tons and 300 tons. At the same time, industrial trials were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the design. An automatic scanning electron microscope was used to analyze inclusions in both the tundish and slab before and after optimization. The results show that after optimization, the total oxygen content (
w
[T.O]) in the tundish steel sample decreased from 40×10⁻⁶ to 27×10⁻⁶, and the total nitrogen content (
w
[T.N]) dropped from 87×10⁻⁶ to 61×10⁻⁶. The number density of inclusions larger than 2 μm decreased from 28/mm² to 5/mm².In the slab, the number of 10 μm–14 μm inclusions was significantly reduced, with the maximum size decreasing from 53 μm to24 μm. The area fraction and number density of inclusions showed the most notable reduction at the slab thickness center.The optimization of the ladle bottom structure can effectively enhance molten steel cleanliness by controlling slag entrapment at the end of casting and suppressing the migration and accumulation of inclusions, demonstrating significant engineering application value.
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