1.北京科技大学碳中和研究院,北京100083
2.北京科技大学绿色低碳钢铁冶金全国重点实验室, 北京100083
3.辽宁材料实验室钢铁再生技术研究所,沈阳 110000
4.高端金属材料特种熔炼与制备北京市重点实验室,北京 100083
王润哲(2001—),男,博士生; E-mail:wrz18810298658@163.com
朱荣(1962—),男,博士,教授; E-mail:zhurong1201@126.com
收稿:2025-07-09,
修回:2025-08-19,
录用:2025-08-26,
纸质出版:2025-11-30
移动端阅览
王润哲,朱荣,昌欢.废钢中Zn、Sn元素脱除技术研究进展[J].特殊钢,2025,46(06):43-53.
Wang Runzhe,Zhu Rong,Chang Huan.Research Progress on the Removal Technologies of Zn and Sn Elements from Scrap Steel[J].Special Steel,2025,46(06):43-53.
王润哲,朱荣,昌欢.废钢中Zn、Sn元素脱除技术研究进展[J].特殊钢,2025,46(06):43-53. DOI: 10.20057/j.1003-8620.N250505.
Wang Runzhe,Zhu Rong,Chang Huan.Research Progress on the Removal Technologies of Zn and Sn Elements from Scrap Steel[J].Special Steel,2025,46(06):43-53. DOI: 10.20057/j.1003-8620.N250505.
电弧炉短流程炼钢以废钢为主要原料,具有流程短、能耗低、碳排少的特点,面向国家“双碳”战略重大需求,发展电炉炼钢是我国钢铁工业实现绿色低碳发展最重要且最具可操作性的工艺路线。然而,废钢在电弧炉炼钢中实现高质化利用最大的问题在于残余元素含量的控制。钢中残余元素的一个重要来源是涂镀层废钢中的Zn和Sn杂质元素,其中,Zn在炼钢过程主要产生粉尘污染问题,Sn会残留在钢中恶化钢材的机械和加工性能,传统电弧炉冶炼过程尚无涂镀层有效的剥离与净化手段,因此,通过技术创新实现废钢中Zn、Sn元素高效脱除具有重要意义,依据国内外研究进展,介绍了Zn、Sn元素的来源及危害,总结了废钢中Zn、Sn元素脱除技术及原理研究进展,包括固态废钢预处理以及熔体脱除技术,并对不同技术的优缺点进行了对比分析。固态废钢预处理包括机械脱除、浸出和电解脱除以及汽化脱除,熔体脱除包括钙反应法和蒸发脱除。最后对Zn、Sn脱除技术在实际生产中的应用前景进行展望和预测,为废钢的高质化利用提出可能的解决思路,为后续研究提供参考。
Electric arc furnace (EAF) short process steelmaking takes scrap steel as the main raw material, which has the characteristics of short process, low energy consumption and low carbon emission. Facing the major demand of national " double carbon " strategy, the development of electric furnace steelmaking is the most important and operable process route for China 's iron and steel industry to realize green and low carbon development. However, the biggest problem of high-quality utilization of scrap steel in electric arc furnace steelmaking is the control of residual element content. One of the important sources of residual elements in steel is Zn and Sn impurities elements in coated scrap steel. Among them, Zn mainly produces dust pollution in the steelmaking process, and Sn will remain in the steel to deteriorate the mechanical and processing properties of steel. There is no effective stripping and purification method for coating in the traditional electric arc furnace smelting process. Therefore, it is of great significance to realize the efficient removal of Zn and Sn elements in scrap steel through technological innovation. According to the research progress at home and abroad, the source and harm of Zn and Sn elements are introduced. The research progress of removal technology and principle of Zn and Sn elements in scrap steel is summarized, including solid scrap pretreatment and melt removal technology. The advantages and disadvantages of different technologies are compared and analyzed. Solid scrap pretreatment includes mechanical removal, leaching and electrolytic removal, and vaporization removal. Melt removal includes calcium reaction and evaporation removal. Finally, the application prospect of Zn and Sn removal technology in actual production is prospected and predicted, which puts forward possible solutions for the high-quality utilization of scrap steel and provides reference for subsequent research.
张龙强 . 超百亿吨钢铁积蓄如何助推行业实现双碳目标? [J]. 资源再生 , 2021 ( 7 ): 31 - 33+37 .
王国栋 , 张龙强 , 付 静 , 等 . “双碳” 背景下我国废钢资源高质循环利用战略研究 [J]. 中国工程科学 , 2024 , 26 ( 3 ): 63 - 73 .
World Steel Association; 2024 World Steel in Figures . https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/WSIF-2024_CN.pdf https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/WSIF-2024_CN.pdf
World Steel Association ; Steel-the surprising recycling champion ; https://worldsteel.org/media/blog/2018/steel-surprising-recycling-champion/ https://worldsteel.org/media/blog/2018/steel-surprising-recycling-champion/
崔志峰 , 上官方钦 , 马文略 , 等 . 双碳背景下中国钢铁行业未来发展趋势探讨 [J]. 工程科学学报 , 2025 , 47 ( 4 ): 862 - 874 .
Ciocan A , Balint L . Reducing the Zinc Emissions by Upgrading of Steel Scraps Quality [J]. The Annals of “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle IX , Metallurgy and Materials Science, 2012 , 35 ( 1 ), 10 - 17 .
Janke D , Savov L , Weddige H-J , et al . Scrap-based steel production and recycling of steel [J]. Materiali in tehnologije , 2000 , 34 ( 6 ): 387 - 399 .
李 强 , 陈铁军 , 李奇勇 , 等 . 钢铁行业含锌冶金尘泥资源化利用现状与研究进展 [J]. 中国冶金 , 2023 , 33 ( 7 ): 1 - 9+39 .
Bell S , Davis B , Javaid , AMJAD , et al . Final report on effect of impurities in steel [J]. Final Report of Natural Resources Canada , Natural Resources Canada, Canada , Bd. Report, 2006 , 2005 ( 41 ): 1 - 25 .
Caiazzo F C , Brambilla L , Montanari A , et al . Chemical and morphological characterization of commercial tinplate for food packaging [J]. Surface and Interface Analysis , 2018 , 50 ( 4 ): 430 - 440 .
Wang Y P , Hu S Y , Wang D Y , et al . Effect of residual element tin on the inclusion characteristics and the interaction between lanthanum and tin in interstitial free steel [J]. ISIJ International , 2025 , 65 ( 7 ): 925 - 936 .
Song Z Q , Zhao H T , Yang L , et al . Effect of Sn on microstructure evolution of a HSLA steel [J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A , 2024 , 55 ( 10 ): 3956 - 3967 .
Yin L , Sridhar S . Effects of residual elements arsenic, antimony, and tin on surface hot shortness [J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B , 2011 , 42 ( 5 ): 1031 - 1043 .
Herring H D . Tramp Elements and Their Influence on Steel and Steel Heat Treatment [J]. Industrial Heating , 2014 , 82 ( 10 ): 18 - 20 .
Melford D A . The influence of residual and trace elements on hot shortness and high temperature embrittlement [J]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences , 1980 , 295 ( 1413 ): 89 - 103 .
Sano N , Katayama H , Sasabe M , et al . Research activities on removal of residual elements from steel scrap in Japan [J]. Scandinavian Journal of Metallurgy , 1998 , 27 : 24 - 30 .
Zou L Z , Wang E Z , Zhang Z Q , et al . Study on new technology of removing abandoned tobacco zinc plate coating by using mechanical method [J]. Advanced Materials Research , 2012 , 472-475 : 2944 - 2947 .
Okada Y , Takeuchi Y , Fujio S . Development of method for removal of zinc from automobile body scraps [J]. Ecomaterials , 1994 , 18 : 767 - 770 .
Franzen A , Pluschkell W . Removal of zinc layers from coated steel strip by thermal and mechanical processing [J]. Steel Research , 1999 , 70 ( 4-5 ): 141 - 146 .
Aktaş S , Açma E . Recovery of zinc from galvanized scraps [J]. Turkish Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences , 2005 , 26 : 395 - 402 .
Ijomah M , Ijomah A I . Chemical recycling of galvanized steel scrap [J]. Indian Journal of Chemical Technology , 2000 , 10 : 159 - 165 .
Dudek F J , Daniels E J , Nagy Z , et al . Electrolytic separation and recovery in caustic of steel and zinc from galvanized steel scrap [J]. Separation Science and Technology , 1990 , 25 ( 13-15 ): 2109 - 2131 .
Ma Z T , Chen Q B , Ni R M , et al . Dezincification of galvanized steel scrap by electrolyzing [J]. Steel Research , 1997 , 68 ( 12 ): 528 - 533 .
Wijenberg J , Droog J . Dezincing of zinc alloy coated steel scrap in hot caustic soda [J]. Steel Research , 1999 , 70 ( 6 ): 227 - 232 .
Ozturk B , Fruehan R J . Vaporization of zinc from steel scrap [J]. ISIJ International , 1996 , 36 : S239 - S242 .
杨成成 , 朱正海 , 孙前进 , 等 . 低真空条件下温度对镀锌废钢脱锌的影响 [J]. 安徽工业大学学报(自然科学版) , 2023 , 40 ( 4 ): 364 - 371 .
肖丽俊 , 殷志宏 , 赵腾飞 , 等 . 还原气氛下温度对镀锌废钢脱锌的影响 [J]. 中国冶金 , 2021 , 31 ( 9 ): 123 - 129 .
张傲 , 朱正海 , 魏国涵 , 等 . 保护性气氛下温度对镀锌废钢脱锌的影响 [J/OL]. 安徽工业大学学报(自然科学版) , 2025 , 1 - 12 .
Tee J K S , Fray D J . Removing impurities from steel scrap using air and chlorine mixtures [J]. JOM , 1999 , 51 ( 8 ): 24 - 27 .
Tee J K S , Fray D J . Recycling of galvanised steel scrap using chlorination [J]. Ironmaking & Steelmaking , 2005 , 32 ( 6 ): 509 - 514 .
Linley B D . Tinplate recycling [J]. Resource Recovery and Conservation , 1977 , 2 ( 3 ): 225 - 240 .
Zhang X , Ma G J , Liu M K , et al . Removal of residual element tin in the ferrous metallurgy process: A review [J]. Metals , 2019 , 9 ( 8 ): 834 .
Kékesi T , Török T I , Kabelik G . Extraction of tin from scrap by chemical and electrochemical methods in alkaline media [J]. Hydrometallurgy , 2000 , 55 ( 2 ): 213 - 222 .
Mombelli D , Buonincontri M , Mapelli C , et al . Effect of tinplated scraps surface-to-volume ratio on the efficiency of the electrolytic detinning process [J]. Journal of Materials Research and Technology , 2022 , 19 : 1217 - 1230 .
Gupta A , Mishra B . Detinning of tin-coated steel composite using chemical and electrochemical techniques [J]. Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy , 2025 , 11 ( 2 ): 1237 - 1249 .
López-Delgado A , Lobo-Recio M Á , Peña C , et al . Characteristics and thermal detinning of ferrous scrap from Spanish MSW compost plants [J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling , 2005 , 44 ( 2 ): 167 - 183 .
Chen C M , Ma J P , Li Y F , et al . Recovery of tin from tin-coated copper-clad steel wire scrap using surface sulfuration-vacuum volatilization [J]. Vacuum , 2023 , 212 : 112052 .
Tailoka F , Kumar R V , Fray D J . Mechanism of chlorination of tin in air and its application to steel can recycling [J]. Ironmaking & Steelmaking , 2003 , 30 ( 5 ): 391 - 395 .
Tailoka F , Kumar R V , Fray D J . Removal of tin from tin coated steel by chlorination in air [J]. Ironmaking & Steelmaking , 2003 , 30 ( 5 ): 385 - 390 .
Nakamura Y , Tokumitsu N , Harashima K U , et al . Refining of 18%Cr-8%Ni steel with Ca-CaF 2 solution [J]. Transactions of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan , 1976 , 16 ( 11 ): 623 - 627 .
Zhang X , Ma G J , Liu M K , et al . Thermodynamic analysis of the effect of molten steel compositions on tin removal [J]. Results in Physics , 2020 , 16 : 102862 .
Kitamura K , Takenouchi T , Iwanami Y . Removal of impurities from molten steel by CaC 2 [J]. Tetsu-to-Hagane , 1985 , 71 ( 2 ): 220 - 227 .
Isawa T , Wakasugi T , Noguchi K , et al . Thermodynamics of antimony, arsenic, and tin in CaO—CaF 2 melts [J]. Steel Research , 1987 , 58 ( 7 ): 296 - 302 .
Street S , Coley K S , Irons G A . Removal of residual elements in the steel ladle by a combination of top slag and deep injection practice . McMaster University , Report of investigation . 2001
Ghosh D . Removal of Tin and Copper from Liquid Iron by Al2O3-Saturated Ca-CaCl 2 Slags at 1448 to 1648 K [J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B , 2009 , 40 ( 4 ): 508 - 522 .
Cui G Y , Zhang X , He R X , et al . Kinetics of evaporation removal of Cu and Sn from carbon tool steel under reduced pressure [J]. Vacuum , 2025 , 238 : 114261 .
Lipart J , Łabaj J , Słowikowski M , et al . Effects of pressure on the rate of tin evaporation from liquid iron [J]. Archives of Metallurgy and Materials , 2014 , 59 ( 2 ): 825 - 828 .
Zdonek B , Różański P , Borecki M , et al . Study on removal of copper, tin and arsenic from iron ore, scrap and steel in the light of the latest state of metallurgical technology [J]. Journal of Metallic Materials , 2021 , 73 ( 1 ): 16 - 21 .
Matsuo T . Removal of copper and tin with plasma [J]. Transactions of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan , 1988 , 28 ( 4 ): 319 - 324 .
Matsuo T , Maya K , Nishi T , et al . Removal of copper and tin in molten iron with decarburization under reduced pressure [J]. ISIJ International , 1996 , 36 : S62 - S65 .
Nishi T , Fukagawa S , Shinme K , et al . Removal of copper and tin in molten iron with combination of plasma heating and powder blowing decarburization under reduced pressure [J]. ISIJ International , 1999 , 39 ( 9 ): 905 - 912 .
Jung S H , Kang Y B , Seo J D , et al . Evaporation mechanism of Sn and SnS from liquid Fe: Part I: Experiment and adsorption of S on reaction site [J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B , 2015 , 46 ( 1 ): 250 - 258 .
Jung S H , Kang Y B , Seo J D , et al . Evaporation mechanism of Sn and SnS from liquid Fe: Part II: Residual site and evaporation kinetics via Sn(g) and SnS(g) [J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B , 2015 , 46 ( 1 ): 259 - 266 .
Jung S H , Kang Y B , Seo J D , et al . Evaporation mechanism of Sn and SnS from liquid Fe: Part III. effect of C on Sn removal [J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B , 2015 , 46 ( 1 ): 267 - 277 .
Ogawa Y , Matsuo M , Katayama H , et al . Removal of tin during scrap melting in a converter with a thick layer of slag [J]. Tetsu-to-Hagane , 1997 , 83 ( 6 ): 353 - 358 .
Savov L , Tu S W , Janke D . Methods of increasing the rate of tin evaporation from iron-based melts [J]. ISIJ International , 2000 , 40 ( 7 ): 654 - 663 .
Sasaki N , Uchida Y I , Miki Y J , et al . Fundamental study of Sn removal from hot metal by NH 3 gas blowing [J]. ISIJ International , 2014 , 54 ( 8 ): 1807 - 1812 .
0
浏览量
1
下载量
0
CSCD
0
CNKI被引量
关联资源
相关文章
相关作者
相关机构
京公网安备11010802024621