中国科学院金属研究所沈阳材料科学国家研究中心,沈阳 110016
胡小强(1983—),男,博士,研究员,博士生导师;E-mail: xqhu@imr.ac.cn
收稿:2025-08-22,
修回:2025-09-08,
录用:2025-09-09,
纸质出版:2025-11-30
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胡小强,郑雷刚,夏立军等.CNRE超高温稀土耐热钢的研发与应用[J].特殊钢,2025,46(06):72-80.
Hu Xiaoqiang,Zheng Leigang,Xia Lijun,et al.CNRE Heat-Resistant Steels for Components in Ultra-High Temperature[J].Special Steel,2025,46(06):72-80.
胡小强,郑雷刚,夏立军等.CNRE超高温稀土耐热钢的研发与应用[J].特殊钢,2025,46(06):72-80. DOI: 10.20057/j.1003-8620.N250524.
Hu Xiaoqiang,Zheng Leigang,Xia Lijun,et al.CNRE Heat-Resistant Steels for Components in Ultra-High Temperature[J].Special Steel,2025,46(06):72-80. DOI: 10.20057/j.1003-8620.N250524.
传统高Cr-高Ni型耐热钢在1 000 ℃以上超高温服役时,由于内氧化严重和高温强度不足,难以满足耐热部件严苛的选材要求,成为制约高温装备发展的瓶颈。针对传统高Cr-高Ni型耐热钢存在的上述问题,本研究基于C+N+RE共合金化的设计思想,开发了自主特色品种——CNRE超高温稀土耐热钢。CNRE超高温稀土耐热钢的合金设计思想是,在Mn、N代Ni显著降低合金成本的基础上,借助C+N共合金化,调控晶界析出相,抑制沿晶内氧化,并提高初始强度;利用稀土微合金化,稳定高温组织,提升高温性能。CNRE超高温稀土耐热钢的
w
[Ni]均不超过5%,合金成本较HK40(ZG40Cr25Ni20)等传统高Cr-高Ni型耐热钢降低50%以上,高温性能达到甚至超过传统高Cr-高Ni型耐热钢水平。采用CNRE超高温稀土耐热钢研制的热等静压料筐组件等耐热部件,完全能够满足1 250 ℃/138 MPa的服役工况要求,成功替代了原有昂贵的进口钼合金选材;研制的连续热处理炉的炉底辊耐热部件,使用寿命与HP40(ZG40Cr25Ni35NbM)耐热钢相当,并且有效解决了炉底辊表面结瘤等技术难题。目前,CNRE超高温稀土耐热钢已应用于制造冶金机械、石油化工、能源环保等领域的诸多耐热部件,为高温装备的成本控制、性能优化和自主可控提供了强有力的技术支撑。CNRE超高温稀土耐热钢的研发,也为少合金化钢种的开发提供了新的思路。
Under the ultra-high temperature service conditions above 1 000 ℃, the traditional high Cr-Ni heat-resistant steels struggle to meet the rigorous material requirements for heat-resistant components due to their severe internal oxidation and insufficient high-temperature strength, becoming a bottleneck restricting the development of high-temperature equipment. To address those critical issues of current traditional high Cr-Ni heat-resistant alloys, the present work has innovated CNRE heat-resistant steels for components in ultra-high temperature, synchronously alloyed with carbon, nitrogen and rare earth elements. Firstly, the alloy costs of CNRE heat-resistant steels have been significantly reduced by substituting Mn and N for Ni. Secondly, intergranular oxidation of CNRE heat-resistant steels has been suppressed by C+N co-alloying to control grain boundary precipitates during sevicing at ultra-high temperature for long term, while the initial strength has enhanced through solution and precipitation strengthening effects. Additionally, the high-temperature microstructure of CNRE heat-resistant steels has been stabilized with rare earth elements, and then the elevated-temperature strength of those steels could be enhanced. Compared to the typical traditional high Cr-Ni heat-resistant steel of HK40 (ZG40Cr25Ni20), CNRE heat-resistant steels with less than 6% Ni have reduced the alloy costs by over 50%, but could still achieve the comparable or superior high-temperature performance. At present, CNRE heat-resistant steels have been adopted to make a lot of components for metallurgical machinery, petrochemicals, energy and power plants. It provides strong technical support for cost control, performance optimization and independent control of high-temperature equipments. For example, containers made by CNRE heat-resistant steels instead of the expensive imported molybdenum alloy have completely met service condition requirements of 1 250 ℃/138 MPa in hot isostatic pressing (HIP) equipments. Also, bottom rollers made by CNRE heat-resistant steels, substituting the traditional high Cr-Ni heat-resistant steel of HP40 (ZG40Cr25Ni35NbM) , have effectively resolved the surface nodulation issue in continuous heat treatment furnaces. Meaningfully, those novel CNRE heat-resistant steels has enlightened a new concept on the steels with less content of alloying elements.
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