1.清华大学材料科学与工程学院先进材料教育部重点实验室,北京 100084
2.东北大学材料电磁过程研究 教育部重点实验室,沈阳 110819
3.辽宁省产品质量监督检验院,沈阳 110036
阴湛清(2000—),男,博士研究生; E-mail:yzq23@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn
张弛(1973—),男,博士,研究员; E-mail:chizhang@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn
收稿:2025-08-29,
修回:2025-09-17,
录用:2025-09-17,
纸质出版:2025-11-30
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阴湛清,张天宇,刘明洋等.GCr15轴承钢碳化物带对力学性能的影响[J].特殊钢,2025,46(06):112-121.
Yin Zhanqing,Zhang Tianyu,Liu Mingyang,et al.Effects of the Carbide Bands on the Mechanical Properties of GCr15 Bearing Steel[J].Special Steel,2025,46(06):112-121.
阴湛清,张天宇,刘明洋等.GCr15轴承钢碳化物带对力学性能的影响[J].特殊钢,2025,46(06):112-121. DOI: 10.20057/j.1003-8620.N250530.
Yin Zhanqing,Zhang Tianyu,Liu Mingyang,et al.Effects of the Carbide Bands on the Mechanical Properties of GCr15 Bearing Steel[J].Special Steel,2025,46(06):112-121. DOI: 10.20057/j.1003-8620.N250530.
GCr15钢是一种应用于高端装备核心构件的轴承钢,其显微组织中由于碳化物非均匀分布呈现出带状组织特征,从而导致其性能的各向异性。通过棒材不同位置取样进行压缩试验系统研究了GCr15轴承钢中碳化物带数量和方向(轴向和径向)对力学性能的影响规律,并分析了具有不同碳化物带特征的GCr15轴承钢的压缩断裂失效机理。结果表明,GCr15轴承钢碳化物带从边部到中心数量逐渐增加,且试样的平均硬度升高、波动幅度
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增大,从50 HV扩大到130 HV,这与成分偏析、碳化物尺寸及分布相关;由于轴向和径向试样的碳化物分布不同,芯部轴向试样的压缩强度和塑性高于芯部径向试样的压缩强度和塑性;在压缩断裂失效机理方面,轴向试样的断裂失效机理主要为韧性断裂和脆性断裂相结合的混合型断裂机理,碳化物带在一定程度上延缓了裂纹的扩展,使之呈韧性断裂;而径向试样以脆性断裂为主,含有大量的解理断裂特征,这主要是因为碳化物带与基体组织的界面结合强度较低,降低了塑性变形能力。
GCr15 steel is a type of bearing steel used for the core-components of high-end equipment. Due to the non-uniform distribution of carbides in its microstructure, it exhibits banded structure characteristics, which leads to the anisotropy of its properties. The influence of the quantity and direction (axial and radial) of the carbide bands on the mechanical properties of GCr15 bearing steel were systematically studied by taking samples from different positions of the bar for compression tests, and the compression fracture failure mechanisms of GCr15 bearing steel with different carbide band characteristics were analyzed. The results show that the carbide bands in GCr15 bearing steel becomes more obvious from the edge to the core, and the average hardness increases and the fluctuation range expands. The fluctuation range has increased from 50 HV to 130 HV, which is related to composition segregation, carbide size and distribution. For compressive performance, due to the different distribution of carbides in the axial and radial directions, there are differences in strength and plasticity, resulting in the axial compressive performance being higher than that of the radial direction. For the failure mechanism of compression fracture, the axial region mainly exhibits a mixed type fracture mechanism combining ductile fracture and brittle fracture. The carbide band delays the crack propagation to some extent, thus presenting the characteristics of ductile fracture. The radial region is mainly characterized by brittle fracture, with numerous cleavage planes at the fracture surface, which is mainly due to the low plastic deformation capacity affected by the low interface bonding strength between carbide band and matrix area.
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