1.钢铁研究总院有限公司特殊钢研究院,北京 100081
2.宝武特种冶金有限公司, 上海 200940
3.中国建筑材料科学研究总院有限公司玻璃固化工程技术中心,北京 100044
丰涵(1983— ),男,博士,正高级工程师; E-mail : fenghan@nercast.com
顾洋(1990—),男,博士,工程师 ; E-mail : thiagoyoungkoo@163.com
收稿:2025-09-09,
修回:2025-09-25,
录用:2025-09-29,
纸质出版:2026-05-30
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丰涵,顾洋,宋志刚等.等温热处理对690合金组织均匀性及力学性能的影响[J].特殊钢,2026,47(03):113-119.
Feng Han,Gu Yang,Song Zhigang,et al.The Effect of Isothermal Heat Treatment on the Microstructural Homogeneity and Mechanical Properties of 690 Alloy[J].Special Steel,2026,47(03):113-119.
丰涵,顾洋,宋志刚等.等温热处理对690合金组织均匀性及力学性能的影响[J].特殊钢,2026,47(03):113-119. DOI: 10.20057/j.1003-8620.N250537.
Feng Han,Gu Yang,Song Zhigang,et al.The Effect of Isothermal Heat Treatment on the Microstructural Homogeneity and Mechanical Properties of 690 Alloy[J].Special Steel,2026,47(03):113-119. DOI: 10.20057/j.1003-8620.N250537.
针对玻璃固化焦耳炉电极所服役的复杂环境,为保证690合金电极材料的组织均匀性和性能稳定性,通过OM、SEM和室温拉伸等测试手段,研究了等温热处理温度(600 、800 、1 000 、1 100 、1 200 ℃)对合金奥氏体
晶粒尺寸、碳化物溶解情况等显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,690合金奥氏体晶粒尺寸随着温度升高而长大,600 ~1 000 ℃时长大缓慢,平均晶粒尺寸由48.13 μm增至64.37 μm。1 100 ℃时晶粒急剧粗化,平均尺寸长大至225.21 μm,1 200 ℃时进一步粗化至254.72 μm。等温温度对第二相的成分、数量与分布有显著影响。600 ~800 ℃时,合金晶界及晶内分布有大量第二相,晶界处主要为M
23
C
6
,弥散颗粒状第二相为M
23
C
6
与Ti(CN)的混合物。温度>1 000 ℃时,晶界处第二相基本消失,基体中仅有少量颗粒状第二相,且Ti元素含量降低。温度变化主要影响合金的抗拉强度和断面收缩率,随温度升高抗拉强度降低,当温度由1 000 ℃升高至1 100 ℃时,抗拉强度从638 MPa大幅降至587 MPa,这主要是因为晶粒急剧粗化,导致细晶强化效果减弱;断面收缩率呈现“先升后降”趋势,1 000 ℃达到峰值78.5%。该研究为玻璃固化焦耳炉电极用690合金的固溶处理工艺优化提供了实验依据。
In view of the complex service environment of the electrode in the Joule furnace for vitrification, to ensure the microstructural uniformity and performance stability of the 690 alloy electrode material, the effects of isothermal heat treatment temperatures (600 ℃, 800 ℃, 1 000 ℃, 1 100 ℃, and 1 200 ℃) on the microstructure including austenite grain size and carbide dissolution, as well as mechanical properties of the alloy were investigated using testing methods such as optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and room-temperature tensile test.The results show that the austenite grain size of the 690 alloy increases with the rise of temperature. From 600 ℃ to 1 000 ℃, the grain growth is slow, and the average grain size increases from 48.13 μm to 64.37 μm. At 1 100 ℃, the grains coarsen sharply, with the average size increasing to 225.21 μm, and further coarsening to 254.72 μm at 1 200 °C.The isothermal temperature significantly affects the composition, quantity, and distribution of the second phase. Between 600 ℃ and 800 ℃, a large number of second phases are distributed at the grain boundaries and within the grains of the alloy; the main phase at the grain boundaries is M₂₃C₆, while the dispersed granular second phases are a mixture of M₂₃C₆ and Ti(CN). When the temperature exceeds 1 000 ℃, the second phase at the grain boundaries basically disappears, and only a small amount of granular second phase remains in the matrix, and the titanium content decreases.Temperature variation mainly affects the tensile strength and reduction of area of the alloy. The tensile strength decreases with increasing temperature; when the temperature rises from 1 000 ℃ to 1 100 ℃, the tensile strength drops significantly from 638 MPa to 587 MPa, which is mainly attributed to the sharp coarsening of grains leading to a reduction in the grain refinement strengthening effect. The reduction of area shows a "first increase then decrease" trend, reaching a peak value of 78.5% at 1 000 ℃. This study provides an experimental basis for the optimization of the solution treatment process of the 690 alloy used in the electrodes of joule furnaces for vitrification.
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