1.中天钢铁集团中天特钢有限公司技术中心,常州 213013
2.北京科技大学碳中和研究院, 北京 100083
3.辽宁材料试验室,沈阳 110179
杨成威(1981—),男,博士,正高级工程师;E-mail: yangchengwei_2@163.com
赵海涛(1987—),男,博士,研究员;E-mail: zhaohaitao@ustb.edu.cn
收稿:2025-09-19,
修回:2025-10-20,
录用:2025-10-31,
纸质出版:2026-05-30
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杨成威,朱鹏龙,叶玉奎等.CM690锚链钢淬火过程数值模拟及验证[J].特殊钢,2026,47(03):130-136.
Yang Chengwei,Zhu Penglong,Ye Yukui,et al.Numerical Simulation and Experimental Verification of the Quenching Process for CM690 Anchor Chain Steel[J].Special Steel,2026,47(03):130-136.
杨成威,朱鹏龙,叶玉奎等.CM690锚链钢淬火过程数值模拟及验证[J].特殊钢,2026,47(03):130-136. DOI: 10.20057/j.1003-8620.N250545.
Yang Chengwei,Zhu Penglong,Ye Yukui,et al.Numerical Simulation and Experimental Verification of the Quenching Process for CM690 Anchor Chain Steel[J].Special Steel,2026,47(03):130-136. DOI: 10.20057/j.1003-8620.N250545.
采用有限元软件COMSOL Multiphysics 6.3,建立了一个可以描述钢淬火过程的数值模拟模型,对CM690锚链钢末端淬火过程的温度场与组织场演变进行了系统模拟,并通过实验对模拟结果进行了验证。结果表明,所建立的模型能够准确预测试验钢在末端淬火过程中的温度分布及组织演变行为。试样在末端淬火过程中表现出近似一维传热特性,其温度场变化主要受界面综合换热系数的影响。随着距淬火端距离的增加,冷却速率逐渐降低,导致显微组织呈现梯度分布:马氏体含量逐渐减少,主要集中于0~20 mm;贝氏体出现于距淬火面9 mm至40 mm的区域;珠光体则分布于70 mm至顶端区间;而铁素体形成于25 mm至顶端部分。此外,对应距淬火面不同位置的热膨胀试样组织观察结果与模拟预测高度一致,末端淬火和热膨胀试样所测得的维氏硬度值也呈现出相同的变化趋势,进一步验证了模型的可靠性与适用性。
A numerical simulation model describing the steel quenching process was developed using the finite element software COMSOL Multiphysics 6.3. The temperature and microstructure field evolution of CM690 anchor chain steel during Jominy end-quech test were systematically simulated, and the simulation results were verified through experiments. The results show that the developed model can accurately predict the temperature distribution and microstructure evolution of the test steel during Jominy test. During Jominy end-quench test,the specimen exhibits quasi- one-dimensional heat transfer characteristics , and the temperature field changes are mainly influenced by the comprehensive heat transfer coefficient at the interface. As the distance from the quenched end increases, the cooling rate gradually decreases, resulting in a gradient distribution of the microstructure: the martensite content gradually decreases and is mainly concentrated in the 0 mm ~ 20 mm range; bainite appears in the area from 9 mm to 40 mm away from the quenching end; pearlite is distributed in the 70 mm to the top range; and ferrite forms in the 25 mm to the quenching top. Furthermore, the observed microstructure of the dilatometric specimens at different distances from the quenched end is highly consistent with the simulation predictions. The Vickers hardness values measured for Jominy test specimen and the dilatometric specimen also show the same trend of change, further verifying the reliability and applicability of the model.
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