1.核电关键材料全国重点实验室,上海200444
2.上海大学材料科学与工程学院,上海200444
3.上海大学(浙江)高端装备基础件材料研究院,嘉兴314100
胡春东(1981―),男,博士,副研究员;E-mail: huchundong99@163.com
收稿:2025-09-28,
修回:2025-10-03,
录用:2025-10-09,
纸质出版:2025-11-30
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胡春东,曹鑫,汪杨鑫等.超高强度钢研究进展与展望[J].特殊钢,2025,46(06):32-42.
Hu Chundong,Cao Xin,Wang Yangxin,et al.Research Progress and Prospects of Ultra-High Strength Steel[J].Special Steel,2025,46(06):32-42.
胡春东,曹鑫,汪杨鑫等.超高强度钢研究进展与展望[J].特殊钢,2025,46(06):32-42. DOI: 10.20057/j.1003-8620.N250552.
Hu Chundong,Cao Xin,Wang Yangxin,et al.Research Progress and Prospects of Ultra-High Strength Steel[J].Special Steel,2025,46(06):32-42. DOI: 10.20057/j.1003-8620.N250552.
超高强度钢是航空航天、工程机械等重大装备关键承力构件的核心材料。本文梳理了超高强度钢从理论突破到工程应用的三个发展阶段技术现状:在实验室阶段突破了2 600~3 000 MPa强度极限(块体材料);在中试阶段实现了2 000~2 500 MPa级钢的稳定制备;在工业化阶段建立了1 500~2 000 MPa级钢的成熟生产体系。然而,随着极端服役环境日益严苛,现有成熟的超高强度钢已难以满足工程技术需求,根本制约在于强度与韧性之间的本征倒置关系。本文阐明,破解强韧性倒置的关键在于材料制备全流程的系统优化,并凝练出决定性能突破的三大材料学要素:纯净度—控制杂质元素与夹杂物以消除裂纹源;均匀度—消除成分偏析与组织梯度以保障整体可靠性;组织度—调控多尺度微观结构以实现强韧化协同。基于该理论框架,本文介绍了作者团队研发的1 700~2 700 MPa系列超高强度钢技术体系。展望未来,超高强度钢发展将聚焦超纯净冶炼、高均匀性制备、智能化材料设计和3 000 MPa级极限探索等方向。
Ultra-high-strength steel serves as the core material for critical load-bearing components in major equipment such as aerospace and construction machinery. This paper outlines the technological status across three developmental stages of ultra-high-strength steel, from theoretical breakthroughs to engineering applications:At the laboratory stage: Achieved a strength limit of 2 600 MPa-3 000 MPa (bulk material); the pilot-scale stage achieved stable production of 2 000 MPa-2 500 MPa grade steels; the industrialisation stage established mature production systems for 1 500 MPa-2 000 MPa grade steels. However, as extreme service environments grow increasingly demanding, existing mature ultra-high-strength steels struggle to meet engineering requirements, fundamentally constrained by the inherent trade-off between strength and toughness. This paper elucidates that overcoming the strength-toughness trade-off hinges on systematic optimisation throughout the entire material preparation process. It distills three decisive metallurgical factors for achieving performance breakthroughs: Purity – controlling impurity elements and inclusions to eliminate crack initiation sites; Homogeneity – eliminating compositional segregation and microstructural gradients to ensure overall reliability; Microstructural control-regulating multi-scale microstructures to achieve synergistic strengthening and toughening. Building upon this theoretical framework, this paper introduces the 1 700 MPa–2 700 MPa series of ultra-high-strength steel technologies developed by the authors' team. Looking ahead, the advancement of ultra-high-strength steel will focus on ultra-pure metallurgy, high-uniformity preparation, intelligent material design, and the exploration of 3 000 MPa -level limits.
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