1.船舶与海洋工程特种装备和动力系统国家工程研究中心,上海 201108
2.中国船舶集团有限公司第七研究所,上海 201108
3.上海大学材料科学与工程学院,上海 200444
董晓露(1990—),女,硕士,高级工程师;E-mail:dongxiaolu@smderi.cn
朱丽慧(1971—),女,博士,教授;E-mail:lhzhu@i.shu.edu.cn
收稿:2025-12-20,
修回:2026-02-12,
录用:2026-02-25,
网络首发:2026-03-26,
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董晓露,钱进,郭鑫等.针阀体用材18Cr2Ni2,2Cr13和H13摩擦磨损性能的对比[J].特殊钢,
Dong Xiaolu,Qian Jin,Guo Xin,et al.Comparison on the Friction and Wear Performance of 18Cr2Ni2, 2Cr13 and H13 as Needle-Valve Body[J].Special Steel,
为满足柴油机喷油器更大喷射压力、更高工作温度的要求,寻找能替代18Cr2Ni2的新一代针阀体用材迫在眉睫。选取经渗碳处理的18Cr2Ni2钢、2Cr13钢和H13钢,在柴油介质中分别与M2高速钢对磨,进行摩擦磨损试验。通过比较摩擦因数和耐磨性,分析磨损机理,探讨2Cr13钢和H13钢替代18Cr2Ni2作为新一代针阀体用材的可能性。结果表明,18Cr2Ni2钢、2Cr13钢和H13钢与M2高速钢在柴油中对磨时的平均摩擦因数分别为0.111、0.122、0.132。2Cr13钢和H13钢的磨损率分别只有18Cr2Ni2钢的67%和55%。18Cr2Ni2钢的磨损率最大,主要是由于18Cr2Ni2钢的硬度低造成磨粒磨损严重。此外,18Cr2Ni2钢渗碳层硬度梯度过陡,一定程度加剧了疲劳磨损。三者之中,H13钢的耐磨性最好,这主要得益于H13钢高的硬度、合适的渗碳层深度以及硬度梯度。2Cr13钢渗碳层的硬度和心部硬度均低于H13,导致磨粒磨损大于H13钢。同时,2Cr13钢的渗碳层较浅,易引起表层大面积的剥落,疲劳磨损进一步恶化。仅从耐磨性的角度考虑,H13钢是替代18Cr2Ni2针阀体用材较好的材料。
In order to meet the requirement of new-generation diesel engine injectors with higher injection pressure and higher working temperature, it is urgent to search for an alternative material to 18Cr2Ni2 steel for the needle-valve body. The carburized 18Cr2Ni2 steel, 2Cr13 steel and H13 steel were chosen to perform the friction and wear test in diesel against M2 high-speed steel. The coefficient of friction(COF)and wear resistance of three steels were compared, the wear mechanism was analyzed, and the possibility of replacing 18Cr2Ni2 steel with 2Cr13 steel or H13 steel as a new material of needle-valve body was explored. The results show that the average COF of 18Cr2Ni2, 2Cr13 and H13 against M2 high-speed steel in diesel is 0.111, 0.122, and 0.132, respectively. The wear rate of 2Cr13 steel and H13 steel is only 67 percent and 55 percent of 18Cr2Ni2 steel, respectively. The wear rate of 18Cr2Ni2 steel is the highest, which is mainly ascribed to the severest abrasive wear because of low hardness. Due to steep hardness gradient of carburized layer, the fatigue wear is exacerbated to some extent. Among the three steels, H13 steel exhibits the best wear resistance. It benefits from the combination of high hardness, suitable carburized layer depth and hardness gradient. Compared with H13 steel, 2Cr13 steel has lower hardness of both carburized layer and core, resulting in severer abrasive wear. Meanwhile, the shallow carburized layer of 2Cr13 steel makes the large-scale spalling easy, further aggravating the fatigue wear. From the viewpoint of wear resistance, H13 steel is a possible alternative material to 18Cr2Ni2 steel for the needle-valve body.
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