1.宝武特种冶金有限公司,上海 201900
2.内蒙古科技大学材料科学与工程学院,包头 014010
3.核电关键材料全国重点实验室,上海 201900
苏瑞平(1985—),女,硕士,工程师; E-mail:suruiping@baosteel.com;
收稿:2026-01-24,
修回:2026-02-12,
录用:2026-02-12,
纸质出版:2026-07-30
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苏瑞平,丁毅,龚志华.CrNiMoAlTi系沉淀硬化不锈钢真空自耗工艺模拟及应用实践[J].特殊钢,2026,47(04):1-9.
Su Ruiping,Ding Yi,Gong Zhihua.Simulation and Application Practice of Vacuum Arc Remelting Process for CrNiMoAlTi-Based Precipitation-Hardening Stainless Steel[J].Special Steel,2026,47(04):1-9.
苏瑞平,丁毅,龚志华.CrNiMoAlTi系沉淀硬化不锈钢真空自耗工艺模拟及应用实践[J].特殊钢,2026,47(04):1-9. DOI: 10.20057/j.1003-8620.N260013.
Su Ruiping,Ding Yi,Gong Zhihua.Simulation and Application Practice of Vacuum Arc Remelting Process for CrNiMoAlTi-Based Precipitation-Hardening Stainless Steel[J].Special Steel,2026,47(04):1-9. DOI: 10.20057/j.1003-8620.N260013.
利用Meltflow-VAR软件对CrNiMoAlTi系沉淀硬化不锈钢的真空自耗过程进行了数值模拟,研究了不同的熔速、氦气压强、补缩工艺对真空自耗过程中熔池形貌、铸锭黑斑缺陷形成倾向的影响规律,同时,对夹杂物进行了统计分析。结果表明,随着熔速增加,熔池形貌从浅平“U”型向较深“V”型转变,糊状区也随着熔速增加而增加,在熔速为5.0 kg/min,心部的黑斑形成倾向最小且有利于夹杂物上浮。氦气层的传热效率随着氦气压强增加而增加,在氦气压强为300 Pa,熔池的深径比最小有利于传热,降低元素偏析的风险,且能够显著改善铸锭的黑斑形成倾向。补缩阶段熔速降低速率设定为0.03 kg/min最佳,能够增加补缩端冷却速率,改善铸锭的黑斑形成倾向。经过真空+自耗冶炼工序,铸锭中心TiN夹杂总数量少于铸锭边缘区域,铸锭头部夹杂物总数量要多于铸锭尾部,在铸锭各个部位未见25 μm以上夹杂,各类夹杂评级都≤0.5级。
Numerical simulation was carried out on the vacuum arc remelting (VAR) process of CrNiMoAlTi series precipitation-hardening stainless steel using the Meltflow-VAR software. The effects of different melting rates, helium pressures, and feeding processes on the molten pool morphology and the formation tendency of ingot black spot defects during the VAR process were calculated, and statistical analysis of inclusions was also performed. The results show that with the increase of melting rate, the molten pool morphology transforms from a shallow and flat "U" shape to a deeper "V" shape, and the mushy zone also expands with the rising melting rate. When the melting rate is 5.0 kg/min, the formation tendency of black spots in the core region is minimized, which is conducive to the floating of inclusions. The heat transfer efficiency of the helium layer increases with the increase of helium pressure. At a helium pressure of 300 Pa, the depth-diameter ratio of the molten pool reaches the minimum value, which is beneficial to heat transfer, reduces the risk of element segregation, and significantly improves the formation tendency of ingot black spots. The optimal setting of melting rate reduction rate in the feeding stage is 0.03 kg/min, which can increase the cooling rate of the feeding end and improve the formation tendency of ingot black spots. After the VAR process, the total number of TiN inclusions in the center of the ingot is less than that in the edge region of the ingot, and the total number of inclusions in the head of the ingot is more than that in the tail of the ingot. No inclusions larger than 25 μm are found in any part of the ingot, and the rating of various inclusions is ≤ 0.5.
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