1.宝武特种冶金有限公司技术中心,上海 200940
2.宝武特种冶金有限公司检测中心,上海 200940
周蕾(1996—),女,硕士,工程师; E-mail : 790015@baosteel.com
收稿:2026-02-24,
修回:2026-04-09,
录用:2026-04-11,
网络首发:2026-05-07,
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周蕾,王飞,尚昊.2 200 MPa级超高强度钢高温塑性变形行为[J].特殊钢,
Zhou Lei,Wang Fei,Shang Hao.High-Temperature Plastic Deformation Behavior of 2 200 MPa Grade Ultra-High Strength Steel[J].Special Steel,
利用Gleeble 3800热模拟试验机对2 200 MPa级超高强度钢的高温塑性变形行为进行研究,测试了在750~1 100 ℃以0.1、0.001 s
-1
应变速率进行高温拉伸变形的应力应变曲线。对断口附近纵截面的组织进行金相观察和EBSD分析,对断口形貌进行扫描电镜(SEM)观察,研究2 200 MPa级超高强度钢的高温塑性和动态再结晶规律。研究结果表明:1)在两种应变速率下,随着变形温度升高,试验钢的抗拉强度均持续降低;2)应变速率=0.1 s
-1
时,750~1 000 ℃拉伸时,断面收缩率随温度升高增加,T>1 000 ℃时,随温度升高而下降。应变速率=0.001 s
-1
时,断面收缩率存在两个低谷,分别是800、925 ℃附近,T=1 050 ℃时断面收缩率最高,随后断面收缩率随温度升高而下降;3)根据强度和断面收缩率可计算试验钢的可锻性,应变速率=0.1 s
-1
时,试验钢的可锻温度区间为880~1 100 ℃,应变速率=0.001 s
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时,试验钢的可锻温度区间为850~1 100 ℃;4)变形温度≥1 050 ℃时,拉伸断口出现高温熔融枝晶,锻造开锻温度应低于1 050 ℃;5)应变速率=0.001 s
-1
时,动态再结晶开始温度为750 ℃。应变速率=0.1 s
-1
时,动态再结晶开始温度为880 ℃。变形温度≥ 900 ℃时,应变速率=0.1 s
-1
的晶粒尺寸比应变速率=0.001 s
-1
更细小,锻造前期应采用快速锻造工艺;变形温度< 900 ℃时,应变速率=0.001 s
-1
的动态再结晶比例更高,锻造后期应采用慢速锻造工艺,可以得到均匀细小的锻造组织。2 200 MPa级超高强度钢的最佳锻造温度区间为880~1 050 ℃。
The high-temperature plastic deformation behavior of 2 200 MPa grade ultra-high strength steel was investigated using a Gleeble 3 800 thermal simulation test machine. The stress-strain curves of high-temperature tensile deformation at strain rates of 0.1 s
-1
and 0.001 s
-1
within the temperature range of 750 ℃-1 100 ℃ were obtained. Metallographic observation and EBSD analysis were conducted on the microstructure of the longitudinal section near the fracture surface, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the fracture morphology. The high-temperature plasticity and dynamic recrystallization behaviors of 2 200 MPa grade ultra-high strength steel were investigated. The research results showed: 1) At both strain rates, the tensile strength of the test steel continuously decreased with increasing deformation temperature; 2) at the strain rate of
0.1 s
-1
, the reduction of area increased with increasing temperature during tensile deformation at 750 ℃-1 000 ℃, and decreased with increasing temperature when T
>
1 000 ℃; at the strain rate of 0.001 s
-1
, the reduction of area showed two troughs, near 800 ℃ and 925 ℃, respectively; the reduction of area peaked at T=1 050 ℃, after which it decreased with increasing temperature; 3) based on the strength and reduction of area, the forgeability of the test steel can be calculated. At the strain rate of 0.1 s
-1
, the forging temperature range of the test steel was 880 ℃-1 100 ℃, and at the strain rate of 0.001 s
-1
, the forging temperature range was 850 ℃-1 100 ℃; 4) when the deformation temperature was ≥1 050 ℃, high-temperature molten dendrites appeared on the tensile fracture, and the initial forging temperature should be below 1 050 ℃; 5) when the strain rate was 0.001 s
-1
, the onset temperature of dynamic recrystallization was 750 ℃. When the strain rate was 0.1 s
-1
, the onset temperature of dynamic recrystallization was 880 ℃. When the deformation temperature was ≥ 900 ℃, the grain size at the strain rate of 0.1 s
-1
was finer than that at a strain rate of 0.001 s
-1
, so the rapid forging process should be adopted in the early stage of forging; when the deformation temperature is less than 900 ℃, the dynamic recrystallization fraction is higher at a strain rate of 0.001 s
-1
. Therefore, a slow forging process should be adopted in the later stages of forging to obtain a uniform and fine forged microstructure. The optimal forging temperature range for 2 200 MPa grade ultra-high strength steel is between 880 ℃ and 1 050 ℃.
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