1.河北河钢大河装备集团有限公司,石家庄 050023
2.唐山开放大学教学科,唐山 063000
3.浙江大学湖州研究院,湖州 313001
4.钢铁研究总院有限公司冶金工艺研究所,北京 100081
贾广如(1969—),男,本科,正高级工程师;E-mail: jiaguangru@163.com
赵博(1999—),男,博士,高级工程师;E-mail: zhaobo_working@163.com
收稿:2026-02-28,
修回:2026-04-03,
录用:2026-04-03,
纸质出版:2026-07-30
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Jia Guangru,Zhou Xinran,Tang Zhifeng,et al.Effect of Ce and Y Modification on the Inclusion Characteristics in 34CrNi3Mo Steel[J].Special Steel,2026,47(04):34-41.
34CrNi3Mo钢广泛应用于航空航天和高端装备领域,其服役可靠性与非金属夹杂物的类型、尺寸及分布有明显相关性。为明确不同稀土元素对该钢夹杂物演化行为的影响,采用30 kg真空感应炉冶炼制备了不同添加量的试验钢(
w
[Ce]0.000 5%~0.002 0%、
w
[Y]0.000 3%~0.003 4%),并通过SEM-EDS和Aspex系统对夹杂物的形貌、成分、数量密度及尺寸分布进行了系统表征。结果表明:原始钢中夹杂物以复合氧化物和MnS为主,伴有一定量Al
2
O
3
和TiN。加入Ce后,夹杂物以CeAlO
3
类稀土铝酸盐为主体,并逐渐生成少量稀土氧硫化物和硫化物;加入Y后,随含量升高稀土铝酸盐比例有所降低,Y
2
O
2
S、Y
2
S
3
等硫氧化复合夹杂物逐渐增多。少量Ce、Y均能显著细化夹杂物,使其尺寸主要集中在0.5~2 μm;与空白钢(平均尺寸1.36 μm、数量密度约108个/mm²)相比,钢中夹杂物的平均尺寸和数量密度均明显降低。低含量稀土对Al
2
O
3
和TiN夹杂物具有显著抑制作用,但MnS夹杂物比例随稀土含量呈先升后降的波动变化,对MnS生成的抑制作用有限。Ce和Y在细化夹杂物和降低数量密度方面具有相似作用,但在改性产物类型上存在明显差异,研究结果为34CrNi3Mo钢稀土元素的选择与加料优化提供了理论依据。
34CrNi3Mo steel is widely used in aerospace and high-end equipment, and its service reliability is closely related to the type, size, and distribution of non-metallic inclusions. To clarify the influence of different rare-earth elements on the evolution behavior of inclusions in this steel, experimental heats with various additions (
w
[Ce]0.000 5%-0.002 0% and
w
[Y]0.000 3%-0.003 4% ) were produced in a 30 kg vacuum induction furnace, and the morphology, composition, number density, and size distribution of inclusions were systematically characterized using SEM–EDS and an Aspex system. The results show that inclusions in the base steel are mainly complex oxides and MnS, accompanied by a certain amount of Al₂O₃ and TiN. After the addition of Ce, inclusions are dominated by CeAlO
3
-type rare-earth aluminates, and a small amount of rare-earth oxysulfides and sulfides gradually forms; after the addition of Y, with increasing Y content, the fraction of rare-earth aluminates decreases, while oxy-sulfide complex inclusions su
ch as Y₂O₂S and Y₂S₃ gradually increase. Small additions of Ce and Y can significantly refine inclusions, so that their sizes are mainly concentrated in the range of 0.5 μm–2 μm; compared with the base steel (average size is 1.36 μm, number density is about 108 mm⁻²), both the average size and number density of inclusions are markedly reduced. Low-level rare-earth additions strongly suppress the formation of Al₂O₃ and TiN inclusions; however, the fraction of MnS inclusions exhibits a fluctuating trend of first increasing and then decreasing with increasing rare-earth content, indicating that the suppression of MnS formation is limited. Ce and Y play similar roles in refining inclusions and reducing their number density, but show pronounced differences in the types of modified inclusion products, and the results provide a theoretical basis for the selection and optimization of rare-earth additions in 34CrNi3Mo steel.
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