1.东北大学冶金学院,沈阳 110819
2.昆士兰大学可持续矿物研究所,澳大利亚 布里斯班 4072
聂邓云飞(2001—),男,硕士; E-mail:670418138@qq.com
李阳(1973-),男,博士,教授; E-mail:liy@smm.neu.edu.cn
收稿:2026-03-16,
修回:2026-03-27,
录用:2026-04-07,
网络首发:2026-05-09,
移动端阅览
聂邓云飞,李阳,姜周华等.不同脱氧方式对模具钢Cr12MoV中夹杂物与碳化物演变规律的影响[J].特殊钢,
Nie Dengyunfei,Li Yang,Jiang Zhouhua,et al.Effect of Different Deoxidation Methods on the Evolution of Inclusions and Carbides in Cr12MoV Die Steel[J].Special Steel,
为了研究不同脱氧方式对Cr12MoV钢中夹杂物与碳化物的影响,利用SEM-EDS、欧波同夹杂物自动分析系统OTSInca对单独铝脱氧、铝脱氧+稀土Ce复合脱氧、真空碳脱氧三种实验钢进行分析,探究三种脱氧方式对T.O、T.N质量分数,夹杂物的数量、尺寸、成分及形貌,碳化物的析出特征与分布状态的影响。结果表明,在480 Pa下碳的脱氧、脱氮效果强于Al和Ce,铸态样品中T.O、T.N质量分数可分别降低至0.000 7%和0.002 7%。单独铝脱氧与真空碳脱氧所得实验钢中夹杂物以细小Al₂O₃为主,夹杂物数量密度分别为165、95个/mm
2
,平均面积分别为0.70、0.66 μm
2
,铝脱氧+稀土处理后夹杂物以Ce₂O₂S为主,夹杂物密度和平均面积分别为120个/mm
2
、2.0 μm
2
,Ce参与脱氧会使夹杂物总数减少、尺寸增大。单独铝脱氧与真空碳脱氧下碳化物均呈鱼骨状,碳化物面积占比分别为12.15%和12.29%,铝脱氧+稀土Ce处理下碳化物呈细小的层片状或粒状,碳化物面积占比为11.70%,Ce处理可显著细化碳化物、打断连续网状结构并降低析出量,而真空碳脱氧相比于铝脱氧对碳化物形貌与析出没有明显影响。本实验在不考虑时间下认为Cr12MoV钢冶炼中真空碳脱氧取代铝脱氧是可行的,具有净化钢液、优化钢中夹杂物性能的同时不影响碳化物析出的效果,铝脱氧+稀土复合脱氧则在碳化物控制方面具有显著效果。
To study the effects of different deoxidation methods on the evolution of inclusions and carbides in Cr12MoV steel, experimental steels smelted by three deoxidation processes (Al deoxidation, Al deoxidation combined with rare earth Ce composite deoxidation, and vacuum carbon deoxidation) were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and the OTSInca automatic inclusion analysis system (Oxford Instruments). The effect of the three deoxidation methods on the mass fractions of total oxygen (T.O) and total nitrogen (T.N), the number, size, composition and morphology of inclusions, as well as the precipitation characteristics and distribution of carbides in Cr12MoV steel were explored. The results show that at 480 Pa, carbon exhibits stronger deoxidation and denitrification effects than Al and Ce. The mass fractions of T.O and T.N in the as-cast samples can be reduced to 0.000 7% and 0.002 7%, respectively. In the experimental steels produced by single Al deoxidation and vacuum carbon deoxidation, inclusions are dominated by fine Al₂O₃, with number densities of 165/mm² and 95/mm², and average areas of 0.70 μm² and 0.66 μm², respectively. After Al deoxidation combined with rare earth treatment, inclusions are mainly Ce₂O₂S, with an inclusion number density of 120/mm² and an average area of 2.0 μm². The participation of Ce in deoxidation reduces the total number of inclusions but increases their size. Carbides in both single Al deoxidation and vacuum carbon deoxidation samples exhibit a fish-bone morphology and distribute continuously along grain boundaries to form a network structure, with area fractions of 12.15% and 12.29%, respectively. In contrast, carbides in the Al deoxidation + Ce treatment sample are fine lamellar or granular, distributing discontinuously along grain boundaries in a chain-like or particulate form without forming a continuous network structure, and the carbide area fraction is 11.70%. Ce treatment can significantly refine carbides, break the continuous network structure and reduce the precipitation amount. Compared with Al deoxidation, vacuum carbon deoxidation has no obvious effect on the morphology and precipitation of carbides. This study suggests that, without considering time, replacing partial Al deoxidation with vacuum carbon deoxidation in the smelting of Cr12MoV steel is feasible. It can purify molten steel and optimize the properties of inclusions without affecting carbide precipitation. Al deoxidation combined with rare earth composite deoxidation has a significant effect on carbide control.
Zhang J G , Xu H B , Shi H S , et al . Microstructure and properties of spray formed Cr12MoV steel for rolls [J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology , 2001 , 111 ( 1-3 ): 79 - 84 .
杜思敏 , 李雄 , 林发驹 . 热处理工艺对Cr12MoV钢组织及硬度的影响 [J]. 钢铁钒钛 , 2021 , 42 ( 3 ): 148 - 154 .
李晨辉 , 谢尘 , 吴晓春 , 等 . 国内外Cr12型模具钢组织和性能对比 [J]. 材料热处理学报 , 2012 , 33 ( S1 ): 47 - 50 .
Zhitenev A , Salynova M , Shamshurin A , et al . Database Clustering after Automatic Feature Analysis of Nonmetallic Inclusions in Steel [J]. Metals , 2021 , 11 ( 10 ): 1650 .
于壮壮 , 滕全全 , 张俊美 , 等 . 20CrMo活塞缸体的淬火裂纹分析 [J]. 材料热处理学报 , 2025 , 46 ( 6 ): 136 - 143 .
鲁松 , 朱莉娜 , 王颂 , 等 . 夹杂物对高铁车轮钢超高周疲劳性能的影响研究 [J]. 装备维修技术 , 2025 ( 3 ): 4 - 7 .
刘君 , 胡暑名 , 蒋鹏 . 4Cr13模具钢探伤缺陷的成因分析及控制 [J]. 山西冶金 , 2024 , 47 ( 7 ): 144 - 146 .
秦礼彬 , 郭曙强 , 郑红妍 , 等 . GCr18Mo轴承钢真空碳脱氧研究 [J]. 上海金属 , 2020 , 42 ( 1 ): 60 - 67+76 .
邢佳 , 杜晓建 , 张欣杰 , 等 . 喂钙量与软吹氩对316L不锈钢中夹杂物的影响 [J]. 特殊钢 , 2022 , 43 ( 2 ): 31 - 35 .
Yuan T X , Zhang L F , Ren Y , et al . Effect of slag modification on inclusions in Si–Mn-killed 304 stainless steels [J]. Steel Research International , 2021 , 92 ( 4 ): 2000506 .
杨宏伟 , 苏丽娟 , 李光强 , 等 . 精炼渣对SUS444铁素体不锈钢中夹杂物的影响 [J]. 炼钢 , 2014 , 30 ( 4 ): 42 - 46+51 .
张乐辰 , 包燕平 , 王敏 , 等 . TP347H精炼渣二次氧化控制及夹杂物变性处理 [J]. 工程科学学报 , 2016 , 38 ( S1 ): 1 - 7 .
Zhang H , Peng Y B , Zhang S , et al . Effects of refining slag on transformation and removal of inclusions in type 430 stainless steel [J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B , 2022 , 53 ( 2 ): 702 - 715 .
朱春丽 , 张龙飞 , 苏云龙 , 等 . 电磁搅拌对304不锈钢电渣锭夹杂物的影响 [J]. 钢铁研究学报 , 2022 , 34 ( 9 ): 933 - 943 .
刘青 . 304不锈钢中典型夹杂物诱发腐蚀行为研究 [D]. 北京 : 北京科技大学 , 2018 .
董方 , 杨洋 . 稀土元素Ce对409L不锈钢退火组织和热疲劳性能的影响 [J]. 特殊钢 , 2016 , 37 ( 6 ): 56 - 59 .
Liu H H , Fu P X , Liu H W , et al . Effects of Rare Earth elements on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of 718H pre-hardened mold steel [J]. Journal of Materials Science & Technology , 2020 , 50 : 245 - 256 .
Jiang Z H , Wang P , Li D Z , et al . Effects of rare earth on microstructure and impact toughness of low alloy Cr-Mo-V steels for hydrogenation reactor vessels [J]. Journal of Materials Science & Technology , 2020 , 45 : 1 - 14 .
Du N Y , Liu H H , Cao Y F , et al . Formation mechanism of MC and M2C primary carbides in as-cast M50 bearing steel [J]. Materials Characterization , 2021 , 174 : 111011 .
Liu W F , Guo Y F , Cao Y F , et al . Transformation behavior of primary MC and M 2 C carbides in Cr4Mo4V steel [J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds , 2021 , 889 : 161755 .
Zhou X F , Liu D , Zhu W L , et al . Morphology, microstructure and decomposition behavior of M2C carbides in high speed steel [J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research , International, 2017 , 24 ( 1 ): 43 - 49 .
高志玉 , 何维 , 景秀坤 , 等 . Cr12MoV钢冲裁模的失效分析与热处理工艺优化 [J]. 金属热处理 , 2021 , 46 ( 3 ): 206 - 212 .
高为国 . Cr12MoV钢冷冲裁模的失效分析及热处理工艺的改进 [J]. 湖南工程学院学报(自然科学版) , 2005 , 15 ( 2 ): 37 - 40 .
刘艺梦 , 王会强 , 张淼 , 等 . Cr12MoV钢滚丝轮的失效分析 [J]. 热处理 , 2023 , 38 ( 1 ): 55 - 58 .
Zhao Q C , Wang X F , Pan Z M , et al . Effects of rare earth elements addition on mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of GCr15 bearing steel under different heat treatment conditions [J]. Corrosion Communications , 2023 , 9 : 65 - 76 .
王静 , 成虹 , 黄付军 , 等 . Cr12MoV模具钢变质处理研究 [J]. 铸造技术 , 2012 , 33 ( 12 ): 1394 - 1396 .
Jiao W C , Li H B , Feng H , et al . Significant improvement of cleanliness and macro/microstructure of As-cast AISI M42 high-speed steel by Mg treatment [J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B , 2022 , 53 ( 2 ): 1196 - 1211 .
Feng H , Li H B , Jiao W C , et al . Significance of partial substitution of carbon by nitrogen on strengthening and toughening mechanisms of high nitrogen Fe-15Cr-1Mo-C-N martensitic stainless steels [J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A , 2019 , 50 ( 11 ): 4987 - 4999 .
李闪闪 , 陈云 , 巩桐兆 , 等 . 冷速对高碳铬轴承钢液析碳化物凝固析出机制的影响 [J]. 金属学报 , 2022 , 58 ( 8 ): 1024 - 1034 .
Chi H X , Ma D S , Yong Q L , et al . Effect of cryogenic treatment on properties of Cr8-type cold work die steel [J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research , International, 2010 , 17 ( 6 ): 43 - 59 .
王荣健 . 先碳后铝脱氧工艺对铝镇静钢洁净度的影响 [D]. 沈阳 : 东北大学 , 2022 .
郑鹏 , 刘松涛 , 徐翔宇 , 等 . Cr12MoV钢铸坯碳化物解析 [J]. 中国冶金 , 2024 , 34 ( 9 ): 45 - 54 .
章昊 , 周敏 , 唐季平 , 等 . Cr12MoV钢的耐磨性与其碳化物相关性研究 [J]. 上海金属 , 2021 , 43 ( 1 ): 42 - 49 .
邓朝辉 , 陈云 , 巩桐兆 , 等 . 高纯稀土对M50钢液析碳化物的影响 [J]. 材料研究学报 , 2023 , 37 ( 12 ): 915 - 923 .
0
浏览量
0
下载量
0
CSCD
0
CNKI被引量
关联资源
相关文章
相关作者
相关机构
京公网安备11010802024621