1.上海电气上重铸锻有限公司,上海200245
2.上海市大型铸锻件新材料与极端制造重点实验室,上海200245
3.北京科技大学钢铁共性技术协同创新中心,北京 100083
李向(1978—),男,本科,高级工程师; E-mail : lixiang2@shanghai-electric.com
收稿:2026-05-22,
修回:2026-06-18,
录用:2026-06-18,
纸质出版:2026-09-30
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李向,丁磊,李奇.30 t超大型压铸模具钢真空电弧重熔数值模拟[J].特殊钢,2026,47(05):60-69.
Li Xiang,Ding Lei,Li Qi.Numerical Simulation of Vacuum Arc Remelting of 30 t Ultra-large Die-casting Die Steel[J].Special Steel,2026,47(05):60-69.
李向,丁磊,李奇.30 t超大型压铸模具钢真空电弧重熔数值模拟[J].特殊钢,2026,47(05):60-69. DOI:10.20057/j.1003-8620.N260076.
Li Xiang,Ding Lei,Li Qi.Numerical Simulation of Vacuum Arc Remelting of 30 t Ultra-large Die-casting Die Steel[J].Special Steel,2026,47(05):60-69. DOI:10.20057/j.1003-8620.N260076.
为研究超大型压铸用模具钢真空电弧重熔过程凝固组织及夹杂物行为、摸索和探究真空电弧重熔工艺参数,采用计算机数值模拟技术,研究了三种不同熔速下真空电弧重熔30 t锭型(
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1 250 mm)超大型压铸用模具钢冶炼过程中熔池形状的演变,分析了元素的偏析规律,研究了熔速和夹杂物去除轨迹的关系和不同氦气压力对铸锭凝固质量的影响。结果表明:当熔炼进入稳态期后,熔池深度的递增速度与熔速成正比例关系,以12.50、13.65、15.00 kg/min熔速重熔,模拟计算熔池深度递增速度分别为0.257、0.307、0.397 mm/min。三种熔速下夹杂物去除路径轨迹合理,当设定熔速为12.50 、13.65 kg/min时,熔池凝固前沿无法达到或无法完全达到结晶器边缘,铸锭下表面出现“皮下夹杂”的风险较大。重熔初期结晶器底部水冷作用极为强烈,冷却速度大。模拟计算显示三种熔速下C、V、Cr、Mo都有不同程度的负偏析,其中C和V最为明显,Mo其次,Cr相对偏析小。当钢锭高度达到500 mm后Cr和Mo的负偏析基本消除,C和V的负偏析趋势明显减弱。计算模拟研究了两种熔速下氦气冷却对两相区深度的影响。充入氦气能显著降低两相区深度,效果显著,两相区深度能减少40%以上。充入氦气的压力在一定范围内是和熔池两相区的深度成反比例的关系。充入氦气后能显著降低铸锭顶部区域各个合金元素偏析的影响,易偏析元素偏析严重区形状从“
锥形”变得更为扁平。元素浓度分布层次从多变少。铸锭心部元素趋向于正偏析,铸锭表面元素趋向于负偏析。
To investigate the solidification structure and inclusion behavior during the vacuum arc remelting process of ultra-large die-casting die steel, and to explore and study the process parameters of vacuum arc remelting, computer numerical simulation technology was employed to investigate the evolution of the molten pool shape during the smelting process of ultra-large die-casting die steel ingots (diameter 1 250 mm) under three different melting rates. The segregation patterns of elements were analyzed, and the relationship between melting rate and inclusion removal trajectory, as well as the effect of different helium pressures on the solidification quality of the ingots, were studied. The results showed that, during steady-state melting, the growth rate of molten pool depth was directly proportional to the melting rate. When remelting at melting rates of 12.50 kg/min, 13.65 kg/min, and 15.00 kg/min, the simulated increasing rates of molten pool depth were 0.257 mm/min, 0.307 mm/min, and 0.397 mm/min, respectively. The inclusion removal trajectories were reasonable at all three melting rates. When the melting rate was set at 12.50 kg/min and 13.65 kg/min, the solidification front of the molten pool could not reach or fully reach the edge of the crystallizer, posing a higher risk of subsurface inclusions on the lower surface of the ingot. The water cooling effect at the bottom of the crystallizer was extremely strong during the initial stage of remelting, resulting in a high cooling rate. Simulation calculations showed that C, V, Cr, and Mo all exhibited negative segregation to varying degrees at the three melting rates, with C and V being the most pronounced, followed by Mo, and Cr showing relatively less segregation. When the ingot height reached 500 mm, the negative segregation of Cr and Mo was essentially eliminated, and the negative segregation trend of C and V significantly weakened. Computational simulations studied the effect of helium cooling on the depth of the two-phase region at two melting rates. The introduction of helium significantly reduced the depth of the two-phase region, reducing the depth by over 40%. Within a certain range, the pressure of the introduced helium was inversely proportional to the depth of the molten pool's two-phase region. The introduction of helium significantly reduced the segregation effects of various alloying elements in the top region of the ingot, with the shape of the severely segregated elements zone changing from conical to flatter. The concentration distribution of elements became more uniform. Elements in the core of the ingot tended to show positive segregation, while elements on the surface of the ingot tended to show negative segregation.
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