1.山东钢铁股份有限公司研究院,济南271104
2.湖北文理学院汽车与交通工程学院,襄阳441053
3.山东钢铁股份有限公司制造管理部,济南271104
4.武汉科技大学材料学部,武汉430081
栾国庆(1986—),男,博士,工程师;E-mail:g.luan@foxmail.com
陈光辉(1995—),男,博士,讲师;E-mail:chenguanghui@hbuas.edu.cn
收稿:2026-06-26,
修回:2026-07-26,
录用:2026-08-03,
网络首发:2026-08-07,
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栾国庆,陈光辉,亓晓涛等.Fe-1.4C-8Mn-2Al奥氏体TWIP钢机械性能和断裂机理[J].特殊钢,
Luan Guoqing,Chen Guanghui,Qi Xiaotao,et al.Mechanical Properties and Fracture Mechanism of Fe-1.4C-8Mn-2Al Austenitic TWIP Steel[J].Special Steel,
针对高碳中锰钢奥氏体晶粒粗大限制其强度和伸长率这一关键问题,研究了Fe-1.4C-8Mn-2Al高碳中锰奥氏体孪晶诱导塑性(TWIP)钢的组织、力学性能和断裂机理,对比分析了铸造+固溶态、热轧+固溶态及选区激光熔融(SLM)增材制造工艺对实验钢的影响。结果表明,铸造+固溶态实验钢因奥氏体晶粒严重粗化(约1 mm),屈服强度仅371 MPa,伸长率约15%,且拉伸过程中出现应力突降,表明内部或表面裂纹导致提前断裂。热轧+固溶后晶粒细化至370 μm,屈服强度提高至447 MPa,伸长率提升至20%,但晶粒仍较粗大。采用SLM工艺制备的实验钢,因超高冷却速率实现细晶强化,屈服强度达到687 MPa,但伸长率降至14%,断口存在不连续区域。铸造+固溶态和热轧+固溶态实验钢的沿晶断裂与粗大晶粒导致的晶界应力集中,以及塑性变形不协调密切相关。SLM试样的塑性不足则源于晶粒尺寸不均匀(等轴晶与<100>方向柱状晶共存)及制备缺陷。未来需优化SLM工艺参数,抑制晶体择优生长,并消除未熔化粉末或缩孔等缺陷,还可以通过后续热处理优化成分分布和组织均匀性,以实现高强度与良好塑性的优异匹配。
To overcome the key challenge that coarse austenite grains restrict the strength and ductility of high-C medium-Mn steels, the microstructure, mechanical properties, and fracture mechanism of an Fe-1.4C-8Mn-2Al high-C medium-Mn austenitic twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel were systematically investigated. The effects of three processing routes, namely casting plus solution treatment, hot rolling plus solution treatment, and selective laser melting (SLM) additive manufacturing, on the microstructure and mechanical performance of the experimental steel were comparatively evaluated. The results demonstrated that the as-cast + solution-treated steel, characterized by severe austenite grain coarsening (approximately 1 mm), exhibited a yield strength of merely 371 MPa and an elongation of approximately 15%. Furthermore, stress serrations observed during tensile testing indicated premature fracture induced by internal or surface cracks. Following hot rolling and solution treatment, grain refinement to 370 μm increased the yield strength to 447 MPa and improved the elongation to 20%. Nevertheless, the grains remained relatively coarse. The SLM-processed steel achieved a yield strength of 687 MPa, attributed to grain refinement strengthening resulting from an ultrahigh cooling rate. However, the elongation decreased to 14%, with discontinuous regions observed on the fracture surface. The intergranular fracture observed in the as-cast + solution-treated and hot-rolled + solution-treated steels was closely associated with grain boundary stress concentration arising from coarse grains, as well as incompatible plastic deformation. The insufficient ductility of the SLM steel resulted from non-uniform grain size distributions, characterized by the coexistence of equiaxed grains and <100>-oriented columnar grains, as well as manufacturing defects. Future efforts should focus on optimizing SLM process parameters to suppress crystallographic preferred orientation and eliminate defects such as unmelted powder particles or shrinkage porosity. Furthermore, post-heat treatment can also be employed to optimize the compositional homogeneity and microstructural uniformity, thereby achieving an excellent combination of high strength and superior ductility.
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