1.钢铁研究总院有限公司特殊钢研究院,北京100081
2.先进特殊钢全国重点实验室,北京100081
迟宏宵(1983―),男,博士,正高级工程师;E-mail:chihongxiao@163.com
收稿:2026-07-27,
修回:2026-08-12,
录用:2026-08-12,
纸质出版:2026-09-30
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迟宏宵,马党参,周健等.我国模具钢的发展及研究现状[J].特殊钢,2026,47(05):1-12.
Chi Hongxiao,Ma Dangshen,Zhou Jian,et al.Development and Research Status of Die and Mould Steel in China[J].Special Steel,2026,47(05):1-12.
迟宏宵,马党参,周健等.我国模具钢的发展及研究现状[J].特殊钢,2026,47(05):1-12. DOI:10.20057/j.1003-8620.N260114.
Chi Hongxiao,Ma Dangshen,Zhou Jian,et al.Development and Research Status of Die and Mould Steel in China[J].Special Steel,2026,47(05):1-12. DOI:10.20057/j.1003-8620.N260114.
模具钢是高端装备制造的核心基础材料,支撑汽车、航空、航天、电子、医疗、机械等制造业各产业的成形生产。我国已是全球模具制造与消费第一大国,模具钢实现了全品类自主供给,正由规模扩张向高质量转型。本研究系统梳理热作、塑料、冷作三大类模具钢在合金设计、生产技术、热处理调控、表面处理改性、服役失效机理、创新制备工艺等方面的产业化与研发进展。指出了在组织均匀性、一致稳定性、创新材料设计、表面强化处理、数智化研发及生产等方面不足。提出了未来应重点关注基于AI数智化研发与全流程智能生产控制、短流程高均匀性先进冶金制造技术迭代、匹配基材的一体化复合强化技术、完善服役失效机理与全生命周期评价体系、建设行业级模具钢大数据与智能服务平台等方面的建议,加速推进我国由模具钢制造大国向模具钢强国转变。
Die and mould steel is a core foundational material for high-end equipment manufacturing, supporting the forming production of various manufacturing industry chains, including automotive, aviation, aerospace, electronics, medical devices, and general machinery. China has already become the world’s largest manufacturer and market of dies and moulds, and has achieved self-sufficiency in all categories of die and mould steel, transitioning from scale-driven expansion to high-quality development. This paper systematically reviews the progress in research and industrialization of the three major categories—hot-work, plastic mould, and cold-work die and mould steels—covering alloy design, processing technologies, heat treatment regulation, surface treatment and modification, service failure mechanisms, and innovative preparation processes. It identifies shortcomings in microstructural uniformity, consistency, and stability; innovative material design; surface strengthening treatment; and digital-intelligent R&D and production. Furthermore, it proposes that future efforts should focus on: AI-driven digital-intelligent R&D and whole-process intelligent production control; upgrading of short-process, high-uniformity advanced metallurgical manufacturing technologies; development of integrated composite strengthening techniques that are compatible with the base material; improvement of service failure mechanisms and full-life-cycle evaluation systems; and establishment of an industry-level big-data and intelligent service platform for die and mould steels. These measures are intended to accelerate China’s transformation from a major producer into a global powerhouse in die and mould steel.
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