铅铋堆候选结构材料的液态金属脆化行为研究进展

doi:10.20057/j.1003-8620.2025-00119

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 铅冷快堆（Lead-cooled Fast Reactor， LFR）作为第四代核反应堆之一，因铅铋共晶合金（Lead-Bismuth Eutectic， LBE）优异的热物理和中子学性能被广泛关注，但其结构材料与液态LBE的相容性问题仍制约其发展。液态金属脆化（Liquid Metal Embrittlement， LME）作为关键挑战之一，导致结构材料在特定环境下的伸长率和疲劳寿命显著降低，这严重威胁反应堆的安全性和可靠性。本研究围绕LFR结构材料的LME问题，详细介绍了主要候选结构材料—铁素体/马氏体钢、含Al铁素体钢、奥氏体钢及含Al奥氏体钢在高温液态LBE中的LME行为，明确了各种材料的LME敏感性。针对LME这一极具挑战性的问题，从温度、氧浓度、应变速率、预暴露及冶金状态等影响因素入手，归纳了各影响因素对LME的影响及影响机理的研究现状。最后，基于现有研究结果对LME机理理解方面进行了展望。

关键词: 铅冷快堆, 铅铋共晶合金, 液态金属脆化, 结构材料, 影响因素

Abstract: As one of the fourth-generation nuclear reactors， the Lead-cooled Fast Reactor （LFR） has garnered significant attention owing to the superior thermophysical and neutron properties of the Lead-Bismuth Eutectic （LBE）. However， the compatibility between its structural materials and liquid LBE remains a critical barrier to its advancement. Liquid Metal Embrittlement （LME）， one of the most prominent challenges， markedly diminishes the elongation and fatigue life of structural materials under specific conditions， thereby jeopardizing the safety and reliability of the reactors. This paper focuses on the LME issue in LFR structural materials， elucidating the LME behavior of key candidate structural materials-ferritic/martensitic steel， aluminum-containing ferritic steel， austenitic steel， and aluminum-containing austenitic steel in high-temperature liquid LBE， while clarifying their respective sensitivities to LME of various materials To address this formidable challenge of LME， the paper examines various influencing factors， including temperature， oxygen concentration， strain rate， pre-exposure， and metallurgical state， summarizing the current understanding of how these factors affect LME and their underlying mechanisms. Finally， based on existing research findings， the paper provides an outlook on the future prospects for enhancing the comprehension of the LME mechanism.

Key words: Lead-cooled Fast Reactor, Lead-bismuth Eutectic, Liquid Metal Embrittlement, Structural Materials, Influencing Factors

中图分类号:

TG142

马国宝, 唐正焮, 包汉生, 何西扣. 铅铋堆候选结构材料的液态金属脆化行为研究进展[J]. 特殊钢, 2025, 46(4): 1-.

Ma　Guobao, Tang　Zhengxin, Bao　Hansheng, He　Xikou. Research Progress on Liquid Metal Embrittlement Behavior of Candidate Structural Materials for Lead-Bismuth Reactors[J]. Special Steel, 2025, 46(4): 1-.

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