Abstract: Based on heat transfer theory, friction analysis theory, and thermal elastoplastic analysis theory, SolidWorks 3D modeling software was used to establish a 60 kg/m heavy rail model. Thermal structural coupling finite element analysis of cooling process after heavy rolling with ANSYS Workbench, reveals the distribution and variation of temperature field, stress field and strain field. The results show that the overall temperature distribution of the heavy rail is the highest in the rail head temperature, followed by the waist temperature, and the lowest temperature at the rail bottom. The cooling process of the heavy rail experience the bent rail base-bent rail head-bent rail base-bent rail head, until the final cooling heavy rail still maintained the trend of turning to the rail head ； overall, stress at both ends of the heavy rail is less than that at the middle section, the rail bottom stress is greater than the rail head stress, and the rail waist stress is the minimum.