Abstract: The cold rolling with 10% ~60% deformation and tensile tests of 3 mm hot rolled plate of saving in nickel high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel Mn17Cr19N0.6 produced by induction furnace-electroslag remelting are carried out. The microstructure changes in the cold deformation process of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel are studied by metallographic observation and XRD phase analysis. It is concluded that in the process of cold rolling, with the increase of the deformation, the shape of the grain in the test steel is from lump to flat elongate, and the slip from single slip to cross slip, and the twinning band will eventually be cut and broken. The microstructure of the test steels with different cold rolling deformation is single austenite phase, and there is no other phase. There is no martensitic transformation in the cold deformation process. Therefore, no phase transformation strengthening occurred during cold rolling of test steel, and the deformation strengthening is main in the cold rolling process, the tensile strength of the test steel increases from 1045 MPa by 10% deformation to 1880 MPa by 60% deformation. Therefore, special materials with different strength levels and single austenite structure can be prepared by cold deformation.