Influence of Melting Rate and Helium Cooling on the Microstructure of GH4350 Ingots during Vacuum Arc Remelting

Cai Qi; Jiang He; Dong Jianxin

doi:10.20057/j.1003-8620.N250559

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Influence of Melting Rate and Helium Cooling on the Microstructure of GH4350 Ingots during Vacuum Arc Remelting

Smelting and Solidification | 更新时间：2026-05-12

- Influence of Melting Rate and Helium Cooling on the Microstructure of GH4350 Ingots during Vacuum Arc Remelting
- Special Steel Vol. 47, Issue 3, Pages: 46-53(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  北京科技大学材料学院，北京100083
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.20057/j.1003-8620.N250559
  CLC： TF815
- Received：13 October 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-12-01，
  
  Accepted：04 December 2025，
  
  Published：30 May 2026
- 稿件说明：
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蔡琦,江河,董建新.真空自耗熔速及氦冷对GH4350铸锭组织的影响[J].特殊钢,2026,47(03):46-53.

Cai Qi,Jiang He,Dong Jianxin.Influence of Melting Rate and Helium Cooling on the Microstructure of GH4350 Ingots during Vacuum Arc Remelting[J].Special Steel,2026,47(03):46-53.
蔡琦,江河,董建新.真空自耗熔速及氦冷对GH4350铸锭组织的影响[J].特殊钢,2026,47(03):46-53. DOI： 10.20057/j.1003-8620.N250559.

Cai Qi,Jiang He,Dong Jianxin.Influence of Melting Rate and Helium Cooling on the Microstructure of GH4350 Ingots during Vacuum Arc Remelting[J].Special Steel,2026,47(03):46-53. DOI： 10.20057/j.1003-8620.N250559.

摘要

采用Meltflow-VAR软件结合工艺实际和组织分析对

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350 mm GH4350合金铸锭真空自耗过程进行研究。主要包括不同熔炼工艺参数对熔池形状、元素宏观分布特征的影响。探究了熔速、氦冷对铸锭元素宏观分布、二次枝晶间距的影响。研究旨在采用数值模拟方法，对GH4350合金真空自耗熔炼过程进行工艺优化，对实际生产进行理论指导。研究结果表明，GH4350合金铸锭以Ti、Nb、Ta元素偏析为主。稳定期熔速对铸锭整体质量和特征具有重要影响。随着熔速提升，铸锭头部元素宏观偏析更严重，铸锭头部二次枝晶间距增大。稳定阶段熔速的变化会影响该阶段结束后的熔池体积，从而对热封顶阶段产生巨大影响，稳定阶段熔速由1 kg/min提升到5 kg/min时

［Ta］由最高6.3%增加到了7.6%。加入800 Pa氦冷压强会减小元素的宏观偏析，铸锭心部二次枝晶间距由86~115 μm减小到了56~107 μm，

［Ta］由最高7.3%减小到了6.5%，对于偏析程度较大的元素如Ti、Nb、Ta元素，加入氦冷会显著减轻元素的宏观偏析。熔速提升对铸锭质量影响大于无氦冷对铸锭质量影响。

Abstract

This study investigates the vacuum arc remelting （VAR） process of a

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350

mm GH4350 alloy ingot using MeltFlow-VAR software， integrating practical process parameters and microstructure analysis. The research focuses on the influence of various melting parameters on the molten pool profile and the macroscopic distribution of elements. Specifically， the effects of melting rate and helium cooling on the elemental macro-segregation and secondary dendrite arm spacing （SDAS） were examined . The research aims to optimize the vacuum arc remelting process of GH4350 by numerical simulation methods and provide theoretical guidance for actual production. The results indicate that the segregation of Ti， Nb， and Ta elements is predominant in the GH4350 alloy ingot. The melting rate during the stable period significantly affects the overall ingot quality and characteristics . With an increase in the melting rate， the macroscopic segregation of elements at the top of the ingot becomes more severe， and the secondary dendrite arm spacing at the ingot top also increases . Variations in the melting rate during the stable stage affect the molten pool volume at the end of this stage， thereby significantly influencing the subsequent hot topping stage. When the melting rate was raised from 1 kg/min to 5 kg/min， the maximum mass fraction of Ta element increased from 6.3% to 7.6%. With the application of 800 Pa helium cooling pressure， elemental macrosegregation was reduced， resulting in a decrease of the secondary dendrite arm spacing at the ingot center from 86 μm–115 μm to 56 μm–107 μm， and a reduction of the maximum Ta mass fraction from 7.3% to 6.5%. For elements with a high tendency to segregate， such as Ti， Nb， and Ta， the application of helium cooling significantly alleviates their macroscopic segregation

An increase in the melting rate has a more significant influence on the quality of the ingot compared to the absence of helium cooling.

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