Numerical Simulation of Solidification Structure for 4J36 Invar Alloy Ingot

Huang Li; Yu Liangji; Wang Yu; Wang Fuming

doi:10.20057/j.1003-8620.2025-00002

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Numerical Simulation of Solidification Structure for 4J36 Invar Alloy Ingot

Smelting and Solidification | 更新时间：2025-09-11

- Numerical Simulation of Solidification Structure for 4J36 Invar Alloy Ingot
- Special Steel Vol. 46, Issue 5, Pages: 39-46(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.北京科技大学冶金与生态工程学院，北京 100083
  2.宝武特种冶金有限公司技术中心，上海 200940
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.20057/j.1003-8620.2025-00002
  CLC： TG141
- Received：01 January 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-01-28，
  
  Accepted：10 February 2025，
  
  Published：30 September 2025
- 稿件说明：
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黄丽,于良机,王玉等.4J36因瓦合金钢锭凝固组织的数值模拟研究[J].特殊钢,2025,46(05):39-46.

Huang Li,Yu Liangji,Wang Yu,et al.Numerical Simulation of Solidification Structure for 4J36 Invar Alloy Ingot[J].Special Steel,2025,46(05):39-46.
黄丽,于良机,王玉等.4J36因瓦合金钢锭凝固组织的数值模拟研究[J].特殊钢,2025,46(05):39-46. DOI： 10.20057/j.1003-8620.2025-00002.

Huang Li,Yu Liangji,Wang Yu,et al.Numerical Simulation of Solidification Structure for 4J36 Invar Alloy Ingot[J].Special Steel,2025,46(05):39-46. DOI： 10.20057/j.1003-8620.2025-00002.

摘要

等轴晶有较好的均匀性、韧性和加工性能，在4J36因瓦合金钢锭的后续加工中能够减少开裂风险，以往研究多集中于利用CAFE模型探讨钢和合金的凝固过程，关于形核参数对4J36因瓦合金钢锭凝固组织影响的相关研究尚未见报道。因此，采用CAFE模型模拟了4J36因瓦合金钢锭的凝固过程，探讨了形核参数对钢锭凝固组织的影响。实验与模拟结果一致，验证了模型的准确性，可以有效应用于4J36因瓦合金钢锭凝固组织的模拟与预测。模拟结果表明，体最大形核密度由2×10

-3

提高至2×10

-3

，柱状晶区域减小，中心等轴晶范围扩大，晶粒数增加了97.6%，晶粒平均面积减小了97.6%，晶粒最大面积增加了98.6%，晶粒平均半径减小了89.3%，最小晶粒面积不变。面最大形核密度由2×10

-2

升至2×10

-2

，钢锭内部晶区结构无明显变化，晶粒数增加了13.4%，晶粒平均半径减小了10.3%。体最大形核过冷度从0.5 K升至4 K，柱状晶区域增大，中心等轴晶范围缩小，晶粒粗化明显，晶粒数减少了55.2%，晶粒平均半径增大了36.1%。面最大形核过冷度从0.5 K增至2 K，对钢锭内部的晶区结构和晶粒尺寸无明显影响。

Abstract

Due to the good uniformity， toughness and machining properties of equiaxed crystals， the cracking risk can be reduced in the subsequent processing of 4J36 Invar ingot， however， most of the previous studies focused on the solidification process of steel and alloy by using

CAFE model， and the influence of nucleation parameters on the solidification structure of 4J36 ingot has not been reported. Therefore， the solidification process of 4J36 ingot was simulated by CAFE model， and the influences of nucleation parameters on the solidification structure of ingot were discussed. The experimental result was in agreement with the simulation result， which verified the accuracy of the model and showed that it could be effectively applied to the simulation and prediction of solidification structure of 4J36 invar ingot. The results show that when the body maximum nucleation density increases from 2×10

-3

to 2×10

-3

， the columnar crystal region will decrease， the central equiaxed crystal range will expand， the grain number will increase by 97.6%， the average grain area will decrease by 97.6%， the maximum grain area will increase by 98.6%， the average grain radius will decrease by 89.3%， and the minimum grain area will remain unchanged. When the surface maximum nucleation density increases from 2×10

-2

to 2×10

-2

， the crystal structure of the ingot will not change significantly， the grain number will increase by 13.4%， and the average grain radius will decrease by 10.3%. When the body maximum nuclear super-cooling degree increases from 0.5 K to 4 K， the columnar crystal region will increase， the central equiaxed crystal range will decrease， the grain coarsening is obvious， the grain number will decrease by 55.2%， and the average grain radius will increase by 36.1%. When surface maximum nucleation super-cooling degree increases from 0.5 K to 2 K， there will be no obvious effect on the crystal structure and grain size of the ingot.

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