The Effect of Soft-reduction Process on Microstructure Evolution and Graphite Particle Precipitation Behavior of High Silicon Graphited Steel

Qi Fengyou; Su Boyang; Tang Qing; Wan Yong; Zuo Jinzhong; Wen Yonghong; Dong Qiang; Zhang Xingli

doi:10.20057/j.1003-8620.2025-00166

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The Effect of Soft-reduction Process on Microstructure Evolution and Graphite Particle Precipitation Behavior of High Silicon Graphited Steel

Forming and Phase Transition | 更新时间：2026-05-12

- The Effect of Soft-reduction Process on Microstructure Evolution and Graphite Particle Precipitation Behavior of High Silicon Graphited Steel
- Special Steel Vol. 47, Issue 3, Pages: 104-112(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.中信泰富特钢研究院青钢分院，青岛 266000
  2.安徽工业大学冶金工程学院，马鞍山 243032
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.20057/j.1003-8620.2025-00166
  CLC： TG142.7
- Received：05 July 2025，
  
  Published：30 May 2026
- 稿件说明：
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亓奉友,苏博扬,唐庆等.轻压下工艺对高硅石墨钢组织演变及石墨粒子析出行为的影响[J].特殊钢,2026,47(03):104-112.

Qi Fengyou,Su Boyang,Tang Qing,et al.The Effect of Soft-reduction Process on Microstructure Evolution and Graphite Particle Precipitation Behavior of High Silicon Graphited Steel[J].Special Steel,2026,47(03):104-112.
亓奉友,苏博扬,唐庆等.轻压下工艺对高硅石墨钢组织演变及石墨粒子析出行为的影响[J].特殊钢,2026,47(03):104-112. DOI： 10.20057/j.1003-8620.2025-00166.

Qi Fengyou,Su Boyang,Tang Qing,et al.The Effect of Soft-reduction Process on Microstructure Evolution and Graphite Particle Precipitation Behavior of High Silicon Graphited Steel[J].Special Steel,2026,47(03):104-112. DOI： 10.20057/j.1003-8620.2025-00166.

摘要

通过工业连铸、热处理试验及金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜等工具系统研究了有/无轻压下（分五段压下，总压下量7 mm）及后续盐浴（440 ℃和500 ℃）和回火（630 ℃和680 ℃）工艺对高硅石墨钢铸坯碳、硅偏析，以及其后续盘条组织转变和回火过程石墨粒子析出行为的影响。结果表明，采用轻压下工艺可明显改善石墨易切削钢铸坯心部质量，有效降低其铸坯中心碳、硅偏析。未轻压下和轻压下流次热轧盘条在440 ℃和500 ℃盐浴时均发生了明显贝氏体转变，且在高碳、高硅的盘条厚度中心和低盐温条件下，更容易形成针状贝氏体。采用440 ℃盐浴和680 ℃回火的热处理工艺可有效提高石墨易切削钢回火过程的石墨化形核数量，在此基础上，增加基体碳、硅含量，可加速促进回火过程≥1 μm~

3 μm的石墨粒子大量形核。未轻压下、轻压下流次盘条经440 ℃盐浴、680 ℃回火后的厚度中心石墨粒子密度较高，分别达到24 434、32 675个/mm

，其石墨粒子尺寸主要位于≥1 μm~

3 μm。

Abstract

This study systematically investigates the influence of soft reduction （with/without， 5 passes with a total reduction of 7 mm） and subsequent heat treatments-salt bathing （440°C and 500°C） and tempering （630°C and 680°C）-on carbon/silicon segregation in high-silicon graphited steel billets and its effects on microstructure evolution and graphite precipitation behavior in wire rods. Industrial continuous casting， heat treatment trials， and characterization tools （metallographic microscopy， SEM） were employed. Results demonstrate that implementing soft reduction significantly improves centerline quality of free-cutting graphited steel billets， effectively reducing carbon and silicon segregation at the billet core.Bainite transformation significantly occurred in both non-soft-reduction and soft-reduction strand hot-rolled wire rods during salt baths at 440°C and 500°C. Furthermore， acicular bainite was more readily formed under conditions of high carbon and silicon content in the rod thickness center and at lower salt bath temperatures.The heat treatment process employing a 440°C salt bath followed by tempering at 680°C can effectively increase the number of graphite nucleation sites during the tempering process of free-cutting graphited steel. Building upon this optimized process， increasing the base carbon and silicon content can accelerate and prom

ote the massive nucleation of graphite particles in the size range ≥1 μm but

3 μm during tempering.After undergoing the 440°C salt bath and 680°C tempering treatment， the graphite particle densities in the thickness center of the non-soft-reduction and soft-reduction rods were relatively high， reaching 24，434 particles/mm

and 32 675 particles/mm

， respectively. The graphite particle sizes in both cases were predominantly within the ≥1 μm to

3 μm range.

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