Effect on Fatigue Failure Behavior Induced by Inclusions in GCr15 Bearing Steel Under Different Metallurgical Processes

Wang Zheng; Chen feng; Shi Tao; Yin Qing; Hu Bin; Luo Haiwen

doi:10.20057/j.1003-8620.N250521

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Effect on Fatigue Failure Behavior Induced by Inclusions in GCr15 Bearing Steel Under Different Metallurgical Processes

Application and Service | 更新时间：2025-11-06

- Effect on Fatigue Failure Behavior Induced by Inclusions in GCr15 Bearing Steel Under Different Metallurgical Processes
- Special Steel Vol. 46, Issue 6, Pages: 154-164(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.北京科技大学冶金与生态工程学院，北京 100083
  2.常州宝菱重工机械有限公司，常州 213019
  3.大冶特殊钢有限公司，黄石 435001
  4.江阴兴澄特种钢铁有限公司，江阴214429
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.20057/j.1003-8620.N250521
  CLC： TG142.1
- Received：21 August 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-09-27，
  
  Accepted：28 September 2025，
  
  Published：30 November 2025
- 稿件说明：
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汪峥,陈峰,时涛等.不同冶炼工艺GCr15轴承钢中夹杂物致疲劳失效行为的影响[J].特殊钢,2025,46(06):154-164.

Wang Zheng,Chen feng,Shi Tao,et al.Effect on Fatigue Failure Behavior Induced by Inclusions in GCr15 Bearing Steel Under Different Metallurgical Processes[J].Special Steel,2025,46(06):154-164.
汪峥,陈峰,时涛等.不同冶炼工艺GCr15轴承钢中夹杂物致疲劳失效行为的影响[J].特殊钢,2025,46(06):154-164. DOI： 10.20057/j.1003-8620.N250521.

Wang Zheng,Chen feng,Shi Tao,et al.Effect on Fatigue Failure Behavior Induced by Inclusions in GCr15 Bearing Steel Under Different Metallurgical Processes[J].Special Steel,2025,46(06):154-164. DOI： 10.20057/j.1003-8620.N250521.

摘要

为探究不同冶炼工艺制备的 GCr15 轴承钢中，非金属夹杂物对其疲劳断裂失效行为的影响规律，采用电弧炉+精炼（EAF-VD）、转炉+精炼（BOF-LF-RH）和真空感应+真空自耗（VIM+VAR）三种不同冶炼工艺制备GCr15轴承钢，并利用ASPEX分析钢中的大尺寸夹杂物，发现其主要类型为MnS，硫氧复合夹杂物和TiN。旋转弯曲疲劳试样断口结果表明，引起失效的夹杂物主要为复合夹杂物和TiN，而MnS不会引发失效。电弧炉试样失效全部源自复合夹杂物，转炉试样91%失效仍由复合夹杂物引起，TiN诱发的断裂仅占9%，而TiN导致双真空试样失效则占约75%，其余为复合夹杂物引起的失效。因此，随着钢洁净度的提高，应由控制电弧炉和转炉工艺中的复合夹杂物转变为双真空工艺中的TiN夹杂物。此外研究表明，导致部分GCr15轴承钢短疲劳寿命的主要诱因包括：1）复合夹杂物中的尖晶石类氧化物夹杂比钙铝酸盐类夹杂危害更大；2）棱角越尖锐的TiN疲劳损伤性越高；3）当夹杂物位于试样近表面时，会显著降低轴承钢的疲劳性能。

Abstract

To investigate the influence of non-metallic inclusions on fatigue fracture behavior in GCr15 bearing steel produced through different smelting processes， three different metallurgical processes to produce GCr15 bearing steel were adopted： electric arc furnace with refining （EAF-VD）， converter with refining （BOF-LF-RH）， and vacuum induction furnace with vacuum self-consumption （VIM+VAR）. Large inclusions were analyzed using ASPEX software， revealing its three predominant types： MnS， sulfur-oxygen composite inclusions， and TiN. Fractographic analysis of rotating bending fatigue specimens revealed that cracks mainly initiated at complex inclusions and TiN， whereas MnS did not initiate fatigue cracks. All failures in the EAF specimens initiated from complex inclusions， whereas in the BOF specimens， 91% of the failures were still associated with complex inclusions and only 9% were induced by TiN. In contrast， approximately 75% of the failures in the VIM+VAR specimens were triggered by TiN， with the remaining failures were caused by composite inclusions..These findings indicate that as steel cleanliness improves， the inclusion-induced failures transition from composite inclusions in EAF and BOF steels to TiN inclusions in double vacuum process.VIM+VAR steels. Furthermore， research indicates that the primary factors contributing to the reduced fatigue life of certain GCr15 bearing steels include： 1） Spinel oxide inclusions within composite inclusions are more hazardous than calcium-aluminate inclusions； 2） The sharper the TiN edge， the higher its fatigue damage potential； 3） When inclusions are located near the sample surface， they significantly degrade the fatigue performance of bearing steels.

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references

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