1.中北大学材料科学与工程学院,太原 030051
2.特殊环境先进金属材料山西省重点实验室,太原 030051
3.先进不锈钢全国重点实验室,太原 030003
杨腾(2002—),男,硕士研究生; E-mail : 2264974041@qq.com
史智越(1993—),男,博士,讲师; E-mail : shizhiyue@nuc.edu.cn
收稿:2025-08-29,
修回:2025-09-22,
录用:2025-09-28,
纸质出版:2026-03-30
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杨腾,史智越,王睿等.高温回火对高氮马氏体不锈轴承钢微观组织与力学性能的影响[J].特殊钢,2026,47(02):108-114.
Yang Teng,Shi Zhiyue,Wang Rui,et al.Effect of High Temperature Tempering on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High Nitrogen Martensitic Stainless Bearing Steel[J].Special Steel,2026,47(02):108-114.
杨腾,史智越,王睿等.高温回火对高氮马氏体不锈轴承钢微观组织与力学性能的影响[J].特殊钢,2026,47(02):108-114. DOI: 10.20057/j.1003-8620.N250532.
Yang Teng,Shi Zhiyue,Wang Rui,et al.Effect of High Temperature Tempering on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High Nitrogen Martensitic Stainless Bearing Steel[J].Special Steel,2026,47(02):108-114. DOI: 10.20057/j.1003-8620.N250532.
对高氮马氏体不锈轴承钢进行400 ~ 600 ℃回火,测试其硬度、强度、韧性等力学性能,并采用光学显微镜、SEM、TEM等表征微观组织形貌,系统研究了高温回火对其力学性能与微观组织的变化规律。试验结果表明,随着回火温度升高,材料的硬度、强度总体呈现先升后降趋势,冲击性能持续提高。在500 ℃回火时硬度和抗拉强度达到最大值,分别为60.8 HRC和2 360 MPa。微观组织分析显示,回火温度不高于500 ℃时,试样主要呈回火马氏体组织并带有少量的第二相颗粒;回火温度超过500 ℃后,马氏体组织逐渐转变为回火索氏体,同时第二相颗粒数目增多,尺寸增大。在相同面积区域下对500、600 ℃回火的第二相颗粒尺寸数目进行统计,发现600 ℃回火下第二相颗粒总数目与面积占比远高于500 ℃回火,且大尺寸颗粒占比显著增加。在500、600 ℃回火后,试样有第二相M
23
C
6
和Cr
2
N析出;在600 ℃回火时,这些第二相颗粒密集长大,第二相强化效果减弱,强度和硬度降低。
The high nitrogen martensitic stainless bearing steel was tempered at 400 ℃ - 600 ℃, and its mechanical properties such as hardness, strength and toughness were tested. The microstructure was characterized by optical microscope, SEM and TEM. The effects of high temperature tempering on its mechanical properties and microstructure were systematically studied. The test results show that, with the increase of tempering temperature, the hardness and strength of the material increase first and then decrease, and the impact performance continues to increase. When tempered at 500 ℃, the hardness and tensile strength reach the maximum values, which are 60.8 HRC and 2 360 MPa, respectively. The microstructure analysis shows that, when the tempering temperature is no higher than 500 ℃, the sample is mainly tempered martensite structure with a small amount of secondary-phase particles. After more than 500 ℃, the martensite structure gradually transforms into tempered sorbite, and the number and size of the secondary-phase particles increase. The size and number of secondary-phase particles tempered at 500 ℃ and 600 ℃ were counted in the same area. It is found that the total number and area ratio of secondary-phase particles tempered at 600 ℃ are much higher than those tempered at 5
00 ℃, and the proportion of large-sized particles increase significantly. The secondary-phase M
23
C
6
and Cr
2
N precipitates in the samples tempered at 500 ℃ and 600 ℃. These secondary-phase particles grow densely at 600 ℃, resulting in a decrease of secondary-phase strengthening effect, which is attributed to the considerable decreases in strength and hardness.
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