1.江苏科技大学材料科学与工程学院,镇江 212100
2.湖北汽车工业学院材料科学与工程学院,十堰 442002
3.江苏宏晟模具钢材料科技有限公司,无锡 214405
4.江苏奇锦工模具有限公司,苏州 215311
5.昆明理工大学材料科学与工程学院,昆明 650500
左鹏鹏 (1988—),男,博士(后),讲师; E-mail : zpp0513@163.com
李绍宏 (1982—),男,博士,副教授; E-mail : uniquelsh@163.com
收稿:2026-06-22,
修回:2026-07-07,
录用:2026-07-09,
纸质出版:2026-09-30
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左鹏鹏,熊宇涵,吴红庆等.热锻模具钢使役行为及性能提升策略研究进展[J].特殊钢,2026,47(05):13-24.
Zuo Pengpeng,Xiong Yuhan,Wu Hongqing,et al.Research Progress on Service Behavior and Performance Improvement Strategies of Hot-forging Die Steel[J].Special Steel,2026,47(05):13-24.
左鹏鹏,熊宇涵,吴红庆等.热锻模具钢使役行为及性能提升策略研究进展[J].特殊钢,2026,47(05):13-24. DOI:10.20057/j.1003-8620.N260093.
Zuo Pengpeng,Xiong Yuhan,Wu Hongqing,et al.Research Progress on Service Behavior and Performance Improvement Strategies of Hot-forging Die Steel[J].Special Steel,2026,47(05):13-24. DOI:10.20057/j.1003-8620.N260093.
热锻模具钢是金属零部件热锻成形制造用的关键材料,承受高温、高应力及反复冷热交变循环的苛刻服役条件,易发生热磨损、热疲劳、塑性变形和蠕变等多种复杂机制耦合的失效行为。因此,热锻模具钢的服役性能直接关系到锻件质量与生产成本,亟须全面认知其失效行为演化规律并提出有效的性能提升策略。围绕这一需求,综述了热锻模具钢使役行为及失效机制的研究进展,系统梳理了合金成分优化、热处理组织与性能精确调控、表面改性与强化以及纳米颗粒强化基体等四种典型性能提升策略及其作用效果。在此基础上,总结了多策略协同应用在延长模具寿命和改善服役性能方面的显著潜力和单一强化策略无法全面认识多因素耦合作用下失效行为动态演化规律的不足,以及面向实际工况的协同强化设计与服役性能预测模型尚不健全的现状。最后,展望指出未来研究重点应聚焦于各类强化技术的有机协同和人工智能技术在材料设计与性能预测方面的应用,两者互为支撑,有望为热锻模具钢在更长寿命、更高可靠性和更优经济性目标下的不断发展提供理论支撑与技术路径。
Hot-forging die steel is a critical material used in the hot-forging of metal components. It is subjected to harsh service conditions involving high temperatures, high stresses, and repeated thermal cycling, making it prone to failure mechanisms resulting from the coupling of various complex processes, such as thermal wear, thermal fatigue, plastic deformation, and creep. Therefore, the in-service performance of hot-forging die steel directly affects the quality of forgings and production costs, making it imperative to fully understand the evolution of its failure behavior and propose effective strategies for performance enhancement. Addressing this need, this paper reviews research progress on the in-service behavior and failure mechanisms of hot-forging die steels and systematically summarizes four typical performance enhancement strategies—alloy composition optimization, precise control of heat-treated microstructure and properties, surface modification and strengthening, and nanoparticle-reinforced matrix—along with their respective effects. Based on this, the paper summarizes the significant potential of the synergistic application of multiple strategies in extending die life and improving in-service performance; highlights the limitation that a single strengthening strategy cannot fully account for the dynamic evolution of failure behavior under the coupled effects of multiple factors; and notes the current inadequacy of collaborative strengthening design and in-service performance prediction models tailored to actual operating conditions. Finally, the outlook indicates that future research should focus on the organic synergy of various strengthening technologies and the application of artificial intelligence in material design and performance prediction. These two areas mutually reinforce each other and are expected to provide the theoretical foundation and technical pathways for the continuous development of hot-forging die steels toward the goals of longer service life, higher reliability, and greater economic efficiency.
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