The effect of microstructure morophology ， mechanical properties， and surface quality of 54SiCr6 spring steel under different controlled cooling techniques for high-speed wire rods was studied by metallographic， hardness， and tensile testing methods. The results show that the performance of spring steel 54SiCr6 with spray combined cooling control is obviously better than that of the traditional air cooling control process. When the traditional air cooling process is used， the mechanical performance stability of the coil is slightly worse， with more ferrite precipitation， which increases the depth of decarburization layer； When the spinning temperature is 850 ℃ and the spray pressure is 1 MPa， the cooling rate is significantly increased， and the ferrite precipitation is inhibited， and the decarburization depth is reduced. The mechanical property uniformity of coiling is better than that of air cooling process； When the spinning temperature is 850 ℃， and the spray pressure is 4 MPa and 3 MPa， the cooling rate is significantly increased， and martensite structure appears in the coiling matrix， which greatly reduces the mechanical property stability of the coiling； When the spinning temperature is 850 ℃ and the spray pressure is 2 MPa， the mechanical properties and uniformity of the wire coil can be significantly improved， the ferrite precipitation can be inhibited， and the depth of decarburization layer can be reduced. At the same time， the increase of hardness reduces the bump on the surface of the coil， and improves the surface quality and operation rate of the customer.