最新刊期
卷 32 ， 期 3 ， 2011
- 摘要：Based on main technical parameters of a new built Φ600 mm圆坯连铸二次冷却数学模型600 mm round bloom caster in steel works, a math model for heat transfer and solidification of one-dimensional non-steady state casting bloom with cylindrical coordinates has been established, and the casting speed, superheating degree and intensity of cooling on temperature of casting bloom is analyzed by using finite differential method to solve and assemble program to carry out the calculation of temperature field of bloom with a given water flow rate. It is obtained with calculation on casting Φ500 mm bearing steel GCr15SiMn bloom that with every increasing casting speed 0. 1 m/min, the thickness of solidified shell of bloom at outlet of mold decreases by 7. 9 mm and the solidification terminal point is prolonged by 6. 7 m.关键词：Φ600 mm圆坯连铸;二次冷却;数学模型2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The casting and solidification process of 1. 9 t slab ingot of steel D2 (% ： 1.40 - 1. 60C, 11.00 ~ 13. 00Cr, 0. 70 〜1.20Mo, ≤1.10V) have been simulated by using three-dimension foundry software Procast. Results show that the solidification time of 1.9 t slab ingot body and whole ingot are respectively 64 min and 83 min, it corresponds with calculation results by experience formula； the columnar crystal thickness is about 150 mm and the width of equiaxed crystal zone is about 260 mm； and there is no shrinkage cavity in 1. 9 t slab ingot only with slight porosity.关键词：Cold Working Die Steel D2;Slab Ingot;Mould Casting;Solidifying Process;Math Simulation2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The water model of 1/4 scale of a 250 t RH vacuum refining unit at steel works has been established to study the effect of parameters including snorkel inside diameter (520 ~ 750 mm) , lifting gas flow rate ( 1 000 ~ 3 000 L/min) , immersion depth of snorkel (525 ~800 mm) and vacuum chamber pressure (0 ~25 kPa) on RH liquid circulation flow rate. Results show that with increasing lifting gas flow rate and immersion depth of snorkel, enlarging inside diameter of snorkel, and decreasing vacuum chamber pressure, the RH liquid circulation flow rate increases； in order to get larger flow rate, the immersion depth of snorkel should be ≥ 560 mm and the height of liquid surface in vacuum chamber should be ≥200 mm. The regression equation for circulation flow rate of liquid is obtained, and by adjusting corresponding process parameters for the 250 t RH unit at steel works, the production efficiency obviously increases.关键词：RH Refining;Circulation Flow Rate;Water Model;Vacuum Chamber Pressure;Regression Equation2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：In order to optimize the submerged entry nozzle (SEN) for 200 mm x 1 300 mm vertical slab casting mold, the effect of parameters of nozzle structure (cross section dimension of side port- 40 mm x40 mm and 40 mm x80 mm, and angle of port- + 15° and - 15°) and process parameters ( submerged depth 100 ~ 130 mm and casting speed 0. 45 ~ 0. 65 m/min) on fluctuation of liquid level has been simulated and studied by 1 ： 1 water model. Results show that the effect of nozzle structure parameters on fluctuation of liquid level is more obvious and the structure of 2#nozzle with side port dimension 40 mm x40 mm and angle of port +15° has better service performance； the effect of submerged depth on fluctuation of liquid level isn' t appreciable ； and the effect of casting speed on fluctuation of liquid level relates to nozzle structure, and the descending order of sensitivity of nozzle structure to casting speed is nozzle 2#(40 mm x40 mm, +15°), nozzle 4#(40 mm x40 mm, - 15°) , nozzle 3#(40 mm x 80 mm, - 15°) and nozzle 1#(40 mm x 80 mm, + 15°).关键词：Vertical Concaster;Mold;Fluctuation of Liquid Level;Submerged Entry Nozzle2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The flow field of liquid steel in 260 mm x 300 mm casting mold with casting speed 0. 5 - 0. 8 m/min, submerged nozzle depth 90 ~ 120 mm and 5 kinds of nozzle structure has been studied by 1 ：1 water model. Test results show that reasonable nozzle structure is available to decrease the impacting depth, present nozzle has larger impacting depth and the optimized nozzles may decrease the impacting depth by 30% - 40% ； with increasing casting speed the impacting depth increases while the immerged nozzle depth on impacting depth isn，t obvious.关键词：Flow Field of Liquid in Mold;Nozzle Structure;Casting Speed;Immerged Nozzle Depth;Impacting Depth;Water Model2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：Premelted slag is a necessary flux addition for electroslag remelting process to produce high quality and superalloy materials. The weight gain rate of fresh and premelted slag in atmosphere with 90% relative humidity, the influence of lime content in fresh slag on moisture absorption performance of slag and the effect of fresh slag and premelted slag on hydrogen content in steel during electroslag remelting (ESR) process have been tested and studied. Application results show that as the premehed slag manufactured by electro-fusion method is used in ESR process, the electric power consumption per ton steel decreases by 100 -200 kWh, the yield of products increases by more than 3% , the qualified rate of ESR ingot by nondestructive test obviously increases, the hydrogen content in steel greatly lowers and the surface quality of ESR ingot is improved.关键词：ESR;Premelted Slag;Hydrogen;Quality Control;Shielding Atmosphere2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The research on metal passive film is progressing from macro-study to micro-study stage including analysis on structure and composition. Generally, the spontaneous formed thin and stable passive film on stainless steel mainly consists of metal oxides. The thickness of passive film is no more than 10 nm, determined by the factors including chemical composition of stainless steels, pH value of solution, electrical potential and temperature. The thickness, composition and structure of passive film of stainless steels, the passive film formation and growth mechanism, the performance of semi-conductivity and the corrosion resistance of passive film are reviewed, and the effect of nanostructure on performance of passive film of stainless steels is discussed. At present, the research focal point is to develop new stainless steels with high strength, well wearing resistance and excellent corrosion resistance, while application of nanotechnology is one of available ways.关键词：不锈钢;表面钝化膜;性能;研究进展2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The effect of three refining processes i. e. BOF-common carburetant-LF-RH-CC, BOF-common carburet- ant-LF-CC and BOF-low nitrogen carburetant-LF-CC on cleanliness of steel is compared by analysis on change of total oxygen content T [O] , nitrogen content [ N] and micro inclusions in high carbon steel SWRH82B during steelmaking process. Results indicate that the effect of type of carburetant adding during BOF tapping on increment of nitrogen content in steel is obvious, and the lower nitrogen content in steel (0. 002 3% N at end LF) could be got without RH degassing treatment by using low nitrogen carburetant (0. 040 0% N) ； using common carburetant (0. 500 0% N) leads to increase the nitrogen content in steel (end LF 0. 005 3% N) , RH end N% in steel decreases to 0. 003 3% ； whether the RH process is used or not has no notable influence on ； and based on using low nitrogen carburetant without RH treatment, the total oxygen content and nitrogen content in billet could be controlled respectively to ≤20 x 10-6and 41 x 10-6.关键词：BOF;High Carbon Steel SWRH82B;Carburetant;RH;Cleanliness2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：A comprehensive analysis and study on inclusions in ultra-low carbon martensite stainless steel ZG06Crl3Ni4Mo for large scale hydraulic turbine sets has been carried out. Based on sampling analysis in commercial test with 40 t EAF-LF-VOD-casting flow sheet the transformation process of inclusions of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO system in the stainless steel during steelmaking is studied by using Fact Sage thermodynamic software to get variation law of melting point and plasticity of the inclusions. According to calculation by Fact Sage software, the reasonable low-melting-point inclusions plasticity control area is found out i. e. in quaternary phase diagram CaO-SiO2-Al2 O3 -MgO with 10% MgO as ingredient of inclusion ( % ) is 50 - 70 SiO210-20 Al2O3and 10 〜40 CaO, its smelting point is lower than 1 280 ℃. In order to get low-melting-point inclusions, the silicon/aluminium ratio of deoxidant should be controlled between 2 ~ 5 in commercial production of ultra-low carbon stainless steel.关键词：40 t EAF-LF-VOD-铸造流程;ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo不锈钢;低熔点夹杂物;热力学计算2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：Based on data of 150 t converter steelmaking at Anyang Steel, the calculation of charging material balance and heat balance have been carried out and a calculation model is established. With optimum scheme, the multi - cycles calculation on the charging material and heat balance has been carried out to get a reasonable ratio of charging structure, the physical heat of heat balance of liquid and slag making up 75% of total heat expenditure, the physical heat of scrap making up 6% ~ 7% of total heat expenditure, and with the crap ratio being 7% ~ 10% , the consumption of iron and steel charging material decreases by 5. 9 kg per ton of steel and the production cost reduces about 26. 14 Yuan per ton of steel.关键词：150 t Converter;Charging Material Balance;Heat Balance;Calculation Model2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：Based on the data of fluctuation of liquid level in mold and casting speed fluctuation during concasting process of billet of S20C medium carbon steel for 24 h, the curves of instantaneous position and fluctuation of liquid level in mold and the curves of fluctuation of casting speed have been plotted, and the thickness and shape of slag layer in mold are measured by a thin steel sheet. The effect of casting speed fluctuation on fluctuation of liquid level in mold is discussed. Results show that with increasing and decreasing casting speed the fluctuation of liquid level in mold becomes more violent, to a certain extent the casting speed fluctuation influences the fluctuation of liquid level in mold but not only one factor.关键词：结晶器液面波动;连铸;拉速;波动3|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：According the trouble of large sensitivity on crack for niobium-bearing microalloying steel (ship plate steel D36, % ： 0. 12 ~0. 16C, 0. 25 〜0.45Si, 1.25 〜L45Mn, ≤0.020P, ≤0.010S, 0.015 - 0. 040Als, 0.015 〜0.025Nb), ≤0.009 0N) during concasting process, the model for precipitation of Nb ( C, N) and AIN in austenite has been established to analyze the effect of Nb (C, N) and AIN precipitates on hot ductility of casting slab during slab straightening at 850 - 1 150 ℃. Results show that the main precipitating model of carbo-nitrides in niobium-bearing microalloying steel mainly is nucleating at grain boundary and dislocation line, and at 950 °C the comprehensive precipitating speed of Nb (C, N) and the precipitating speed of AIN at grain boundary are maximum, therefore strengthening temperature of niobium- bearing steel should be more than 950 ℃.关键词：含铌微合金钢;碳氮化物;析出;连铸;矫直温度;热塑性2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：In order to develop a new grade of square-circular stainless steel 316L profile tube with outside length 64 mm and inside diameter 44. 4 mm, both hollow drawing process and fixed short-plug drawing process have been simulated and calculated by using large scare nonlinear finite element software ABAQUS to get optimal drawing die angles, length of deformation area and drawing force. With analysis it is obtained the new process shall realize by two-pass fixing short-plug drawing method. Combining works test, the simulated results are accuracy, i. e. the error of outside dimensions between measured and simulated is 0. 26% , and that of inside dimensions is 0. 11% .关键词：Outside-Square Inside-Circular Tube;Stainless Steel;Drawing;FEM2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The steelmaking process flow sheet of ferrite heat resisting steel P91 for boiler (% ; 0. 08 ~0. 12C, 8. 0 ~ 9. 5Cr, 0. 85 ~ 1. 05Mo, 0. 18 ~0. 25V, 0. 06 〜0. 10Nb, 0. 030 ~0. 070N) is 20 t EBT EAF + 10 t induction furnace mixing melting- LF-VOD (nitrogen blowing) - 3 t ingot mold casting. With bottom blowing nitrogen gas stirring in low vacuum (~ 26 000 Pa) to make sufficient and quick reaction between deoxidizer, slag-making materials and liquid, the [ N ] increases from (80 ~ 90) x 10-6to ( 120 〜140) x 10-6then by nitrogen bottom-blowing with (9 ~ 15) x 10-6/min increasing rate of N content in liquid, the [ N] shall increases to 620 x 10-6and the nitrogen content in steel products is about 500 x 10-6to meet the requirement of standard.关键词：高氮钢P91;VOD;底吹氮精炼2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The tire cord steel XLX72A (% ： 0. 69 〜0.73C, 0. 20 〜0.28Si, 0. 47 〜0.55Mn, ≤0.015P, ≤ 0. 015S, ≤0. 05Ni, ≤0. 08Cr, ≤0. 05Cu, ≤0. 005Al) has been developed by using the operation measures including converter end controlling -% : ≥ 0.12C, ≤0. 008P, ≤0. 010S- LF Nol basic slag refining for ≥40 min- LF No2 acid slag (R=0. 8 -0. 9) refining for 30 min- 67 Pa VD refining for ≥ 10 min and soft argon blowing for ≥15 min- shielding casting (liquid overheating ≤30 ℃ ) with mold and end electromagnetic stirring. Results show that the Cu and Al content in sled are respectively 0. 02% ~0. 03% and 0. 002% 〜0. 003% , the tensile strength Rm of Φ5. 5 mm product is 1 050 〜1 090 MPa and its reduction of area Z is 43. 5% -48. 0% , the ratings of macrostructure and micro inclusions in steel meet the requirement of standard, and its service performance is better.关键词：帘线钢XLX72A;转炉-1#LF-2#LF-VD-CC流程;Al含量;夹杂物;工艺实践2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The precipitating behavior of secondary phases bearing Nb, Ti and Cu in high performance bridge steel (% ： 0.07C, 1.52Mn, 0. 17Si, 0.003S, 0.013P, 0. 30Cr, 0.40Ni, 0. 68Cu, 0. 19Mo, 0.01V, 0.01Ti, 0.04NE) in two stage control rolling and cooling process (1 006 ~979℃ and 813 ~782 °C ) from 250 mm casting slab to 30 mm plate and in tempering at 600 °C has been studied. Results show that there are precipitates of secondary phases during all control rolling and cooling process and later tempering process: in higher temperature roiling zone the ≥50 nm cubic TiC particles are first precipitating, in flowing deformation process the 10-25 nm NbC particles precipitate； during tempering process the NbC particles nucleate attached to TiC particles and grow up, besides, the 3 ~ 30 nm Cu dispersed precipitates are observed.关键词：Bridge Steel;Control Rolling and Cooling;Tempering;Precipitates of Secondary Phases2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The double passes rolling and cooling process of 20 mm E36 ship plate steel (% : 0. 15C, 0. 38Si, 1.56Mn, 0.011P, 0. 002S, 0. 04Nb, 0. 06V, 0.02Ti, 0. 037Als) at 1 080 °C and 830 〜890 T respectively by 30% deformation at strain rate 1s-1has been simulated by thermal simulator to get continuous cooling transformation curves and study effect of finishing roiling temperature and cooling speed (5 ~25 °C ) after rolling on transformation and structure of the steel. Results show that with increasing cooling speed the initial temperature of transformation decreases, the volume fraction of pearlite decreases and the volume fraction of bainite increases； with decreasing finishing temperature the initial temperature of transformation increases; and with increasing cooling speed and decreasing finishing temperature the ferrite grain size is finer.关键词：E36 Ship Steel;Continuous Cooling Transformation Curve;Finishing Temperature;Cooling Rate2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The effect of aging at 700 T for 0 ~ 3 000 h on ambient tensile properties of Φ57 mm x 9. 7 mm seamless tube steel S31042 （% : 0.06C, 0. 35Si, 1. 18Mn, 24. 50Cr, 20. 54Ni, 0.40Nb, 0.23N） has been studied. Results show that as aging for 0 - 1 000 h, with increasing aging time the yield strength （Rp0.2） and tensile strength （ Rm） of steel S31042 rapidly increase, but the elongation （A） and reduction of area （Z） of steel quick decrease； as aging for more than 1 000 h, the variation of each property index is tending slow； with increasing aging time, the morphology of ambient tensile fracture gradually transforms from tough fracture with enriching dimples to brittle intercrystalline fracture ； as aging for 0 ~ 1 000 h, with increasing aging time the amount of Cr23C6phase at grain boundary rapidly increases, and as aging time more than 1 000 h, the change of amount of precipitates at grain boundary is not obvious.关键词：S31042钢;时效;拉伸性能;断口;Cr23C6相2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The crevice corrosion performance of 445M ferrite stainless steel ( % ： 0. 004 ~0. 005C, 22. 4 - 22. 29Cr, 1. 10 ~ 1. 65Mo, 0. 015 ~0. 016P, 0. 003 ~0. 004S, 0. 012 -0. 016N, 0. 22 - 0. 38Ti) and 316L austenite stainless steel ( % ： 0. 022C, 16. 80Cr, 10. 19Ni, 2. 02Mo, 0. 025P, 0. 001S, 0. 046N) in sodium chloride solution with chlorion concentration (250 - 5 000) x 10-6at 40 ~ 60 ℃ has been studied. Results show that the crevice corrosion resistance of 445M steel is better than that of 316L steel ； and with increasing the Mo content in 445M steel from 1. 10% to 1. 65% , the crevice corrosion resistance of steel obviously increases, it indicated that the pitting corrosion resistance equivalent- Cr +3. 3Mo is an important index to measure the pitting and crevice corrosion resistance of stainless steels.关键词：445M Ferrite Stainless Steel;Crevice Corrosion;Pitting Corrosion Resistance Equivalent2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The test steel GCrl5 ( % ： 0. 97 - 1.03C, 1. 43 - 1. 59Cr) is melted by a 10 kg vacuum induction furnace and added 0. 1 % ~0. 3% nitrogen in steel by silicon nitride at argon atmosphere. The tensile test of the forged steel at 700 ~ 1 150 °C has been carried out by using a Gleeble-1500 thermal simulation machine, and the morphology of fracture and longitudinal structure is observed by scanning electron microscope and optical microscope. Results show that nitrogen in steel is in the form of solution ； and with increasing nitrogen content, the reduction of area of the steel at elevated temperature increases obviously while the peak stress of the steel increases slightly.关键词：Nitrogen;Bearing Steel GCr15;Mechanical Properties at Elevated Temperature2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
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