最新刊期
卷 37 ， 期 5 ， 2016
- 摘要：The three kinds of flow control device in 20 t T-type tundish have been simulated and compared by using CFX flow field calculation software to study the effect of number of flow guided holes, diameter and position of hole on liquid flow field in tundish, and the suitable scheme of flow control device is gotten. The simulation and application results show that with setting up upper and lower guided flow holes at both sides walls and setting up a guided flow hole at middle wall, the flow field and liquid surface in tundish and the flow at outlet are stable, the fluctuation of temperature of liquid is smaller, and the average residence time of liquid in tundish increases to 712 s being favourable to remove the inclusions in liquid.关键词：20t T-Type Tundish;Flow Control Device;Simulation and Analysis;Residence Time of Liquid;Removal of Inclusions in Steel2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The numerical simulation of process of four stand tandem KOCKS mill continuous rolling Ф16 mm GCr15 bearing steel bar from Ф21.5 mm stock has been carried out by using DEFORM-3D three-dimensional heavy deformation thermal-mechanical coupled with elastic-plastic finite element software. And the rolling process parameters for stock rolling in KOCKS mill roll pass including equivalent stress, equivalent strain, temperature field and rolling force of steel are analyzed. Results show that the deformation of steel bar in KOCKS mill occurs mainly at rough rolling passes, and that at finish passes is small, especially at last pass ； the spread of steel bar in KOCKS mill stands is uneven, that near the roller area is smaller and that near the roll gap is larger to form bulge ； and in KOCKS mill stands the equivalent strain reaches the center of steel bar, it is available to ensure the compact density of structure and internal quality of finishing products. The relative error between simulated value and measured value of rolling force at each pass in situ is less than 2%.关键词：GCr15 Bearing Steel Bar;KOCKS Mill;Continuous Rolling Process;Numerical Simulation;Measuring at Situ5|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The tested hot metal containing 0.40% P is made from commercial iron, phosphoric iron and ferrous sulfide with slagging forming material lime : fluorite =9 ：1 and slagging forming material : metal = 1 ：50, and melted at 1600℃. by a tube-type electric resistance furnace. The effect of the microstructure of lime-specific surface area (1.05~4.75 m2/ g) , average pore diameter (605~ 404 nm) , pore volume (0.23~0.78 mL/g) and bulk density (0.80~3.10 g/cm3), and the activity of lime (298~350 mL) on dephosphorization of hot metal has been studied by field emission SEM and automatic pressure mercury device. Results show that with increasing the activity of lime the dephosphorization ratio increases gradually ； with increasing the specific surface area, average pore diameter, pore volume and bulk density, the dephosphorization ratio of metal increases first and then decreases ； with lime specific surface area 2.5 m2/g, average pore diameter 750~850 nm, pore volume 0.45 ~0.55 mL/g and bulk density 2.0 g/cm3the dephosphorization ratio of metal is highest, it is up to 63.0%.关键词：Lime;Activity;Microscopic Structure;Dephosphorization Rate2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：Tested 30Fe-70La alloy is melted by a high frequency suspending melting furnace and cut to 8 mm x 8 mm x6 mm specimen and butted on same size pure iron specimen, then the diffusion test is carried out at 10-3Pa vacuum and 1 MPa pressure at 760℃ and 770℃ 30 min by Gleeble-1500D hot simulation experiment machine； the diffusion of rare earth element lanthanum in Fe matrix is observed by Axiovert 25 optical microscope and QUANTA 400 environmental scanning electron microscope, and the diffusion coefficient of lanthanum in pure iron is calculated by relative diffusion coefficient formulas. Results show that the diffusion of rare earth element lanthanum in pure iron is carried out along a-Fe grain boundaries, and the diffusion coefficient Db of lanthanum in grain boundaries of pure iron ferrite is 1. 59 x 10-17m2/s.关键词：Rare Earth Element Lanthanum;Fe-La Alloy;Pure Iron;Diffusion Welding;Grain Boundaries;Diffusion Coefficient4|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：Based on similarity principle and by established geometric similarity ratio 0.28：1 water model, the simulation test on flow field in 63.27 t tundish for two strands 230 mm x 1300 mm slab casting has been carried out to study the effect of channel filter on tundish liquid flow situation. Results show that only with turbulence inhibitor + wall and dam the plug flow area in tundish is relatively smaller and the dead area is rather larger； with placing dam by channel liquid filter the optimization effect is obvious and the installation is simplified with low cost, and the average resident time of liquid in optimized tundish increases from 348.22 s to 400.15 s, the peak time increases from original 172.4 s to 196.0 s and the dead volume decreases from 22.49% to 9.69%.关键词：63.27t中间包;230 mm x 1300 mm板坯;连铸;水模型;RTD曲线;通道式钢液过滤器;流场2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：Based on tundish with length 8 m and liquid level 0.8 m for 3-strands H-beam bloom casting, the effect of curved dam flow-guiding hole diameter D(100~200 mm) and hole height H(350~550 mm) and angle between two flowguiding hole θ(20°~50°) on distribution of tundish liquid flow field and temperature field, liquid mixing status and removal of inclusions with different size has been simulated and studied by using three dimensional geometry model established with FLUENT soft ware. Results show that with flow-guiding hole diameter D 100 mm and height H 550 mm, and angle between two flow-guiding hole 0 50°, the comprehensive transfer performance in tundish is best, i. e. the difference of average residual time at each strand and the difference of temperature of liquid at each outlet are smaller and the removal rate of large size inclusions is up to 76%.关键词：H-Beam Bloom Casting;Tundish;Flow Control Device;Transfer Performance;Numerical Simulation2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The effect of submerging depth of long nozzle (50~105 mm) , flow rate ( casting speed) ( 0.7~0.9 m3/h) and relative location between dam and weir in water model of 40 t tundish for double strands slab casting at steelworks on behavior of liquid flow has been studied by established 1:3 water model of tundish using the methods including illuminating the different section layer of tundish water model with laser light and adding tracer agent to display the liquid flow characteristics. Simulation results show that process design with flow rate 0.8 m3/h, submerging depth of long nozzle 93 mm and weir moving into dam by 1 cm is reasonable, and with the optimized process the liquid flow condition in tundish is better it is available to decrease dead zone ratio and favourable to remove inclusions from liquid and float off.关键词：Double Strands Slab Casting;40t Tundish;Water Model;Flow Behavior;Dead Zone Ratio2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：By finite element software Ansys the simulation on temperature and heat transfer of tool and die in hot extrusion process of TP304 austenite stainless steel tube to get the distribution of temperature and heat flux of die steel X38CrMoV5-3 extruding needle in hot extrusion process and the specification parameters and needed water volume for extruding different tube sizes are obtained by calculation. The application of production of φ57.0 mm X 6.3 mm~φ139.7 mm x 20.0 mm TP304 austenite stainless steel tubes show that with improvement o£ cooling process the service life of extruding needle with outside diameter ＜100 mm increases from 50~100 times/per piece to 100~150 times/per piece, and that with outside diameter ≥100 mm increases from 100~200 times/per piece to 150~200 times/per piece, the production cost decreases and the production rate increases obviously.关键词：奥氏体不锈钢管;热挤压;X38CrMoV5-3模具钢;挤压针;冷却工艺2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The effect of BOF end [C] on end [O] and the effect of LF refining slag ( FeO + MnO) and [Als] in steel on liquid [O] and finished products T[O] are analyzed. With using the process measures including controlling BOF end [C] 0.12%~0.15% and amount of slagging out ＜0.10% , controlling [Als] 0.015%~0.025% in LF refining, using high basicity tundish shielding agent and special bearing steel GCr15 casting powder, in stable process control condition the T[O] in steel ≤10 X 10-6and the average T[O] is 6. 62 x 10-6关键词：80t BOF-LF-VD-CC Flowsheet;Bearing Steel GCr15;T[O];end [C];[Als];Refining Slag;Shielding Casting2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The phase transformation point and continuous cooling transformation ( CCT) curves of SWRH82B steel (/% : 0.80C, 0.84Mn, 0.22Si, 0.013P, 0.008S, 0.32Cr) are measured by thermal simulation machine, and the effect of cooling rate ( 1~25℃/s) on phase transformation structure, pearlite interlamellar spacing and mechanical properties of SWRH82B rod coil is analyzed by optical microscope, SEM, TEM and mechanical testing to get the optimum cooling rate 8~10℃/s. The commercial production test is carried out by 150 mm x 150 mm billet of SWRH82B steel rolled to Φ13 mm rod coil and fan cooling with four Z1~Z13cooling roller speed (0.8~1.25 m/s, 1.0~1.45 m/s, 1.05~1.50 m/s and 1.10~1.55 m/s) and cooling rate (8.9, 9.5 , 10.4 and 11.2 ℃/s) , and it is obtained that in order to get optimum cooling rate 8 ~ 10 ℃/s at Stelmor cooling line the roller speed of first section should be 0.8~1.0 m/s to come up to the required index of user： aged tensile strength 1130 MPa and reduction of area ≥30% , sorbitic structure ratio ≥80% and depth of surface decarburization ≤1.5%D (D- diameter of rod coil).关键词：Φ13 mm Rod Coil;SWRH82B Steel;Controlling Cooling Process;Phase Transformation Structure;Roller Speed of First Section;Mechanical Properties4|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The production flowsheet of test steel SCM435 rod coil (/% ：0.33-0.38C, 0.15-0.35Si, 0.60-0.85Mn, ≤0.025P, ≤0.025S, 0.90-1.20Cr, 0.15-0.30Mo) is 80t BOF-LF-280 mm x325 mm casting bloom-160 mm x 160 mm hot-rolled billet-hot continuous rolling to Φ16 mm rod coil. The effect of 160 mm x 160 mm hot-rolled billet rolling to rod coil processes by normal rolling ( beginning rolling at 1060 °C , finishing rolling at 930-950℃ , finishing exit temperature 860-900℃ , cooling rate 0.5-0.6℃/s) and control-rolling-cooling (beginning rolling at 1060℃ , finishing rolling at 820-850°C , finishing exit temperature 780-820℃, cooling rate 0.4-0.5°C/s) on structure and mechanical properties of steel SCM435 hot-rolled rod coil has been tested and studied. Results show that with decreasing the finishing temperature and cooling rate, the structure of steel hot-rolled rod coil is improved and the tensile strength of steel decreases obviously, that is the average tensile strength of steel SCM435 hot-rolled rod coil rolled by normal rolling process is 952 MPa with structure of ferrite + pearlite + bainite + martensite, while the average tensile strength of SCM435 hot-rolled rod coil rolled by control rolling-cooling process is 817 MPa with structure of ferrite + pearlite. Based on the principle of control-rolling-cooling the analysis on change of structure and properties of steel has been carried out.关键词：Steel SCM435;Φ16 mm Rod Coil;Control-Rolling-Cooling;Structure;Mechanical Properties2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The production flowsheet for cold heading steel 10B21 (/% ：0.18-0.23C, ≤0.10Si, 0.60-0.90Mn, ≤0.030P, ≤0.035S, 0.0008-0.0030B, ≥0.02Al) is 50t top and bottom combined blowing converter-LF-280 mm x 325 mm casting bloom-continuous rolling to Φ12 mm rod products. It is obtained by examination that as nitrogen content in steel is 0.0046% , the HRC hardness value of quenched steel is 41-43, while as the nitrogen content in steel is 0.0081% , the HRC value of quenched steel is 21-27 that is less than the specification requirement HRC value 38. And it is obtained by test that as Ti/N ≤8, with increasing Ti/N the yield of boron in steel increases obviously, for instance on condition that the nitrogen content in steel is 0.0046% with Ti/N being 7. 4, the yield of boron is up to 90% , and on this condition the nitrogen in steel is 0.0081% with Ti/N being 4.3, the yield of boron in steel is less than 70% led to low boron content in steel and lower HRC value of quenched steel. By improving the BOF and LF operation to control the nitrogen in steel less than 0.005% (0.0039%-0.0041% ) with Ti/N being 7.5-8.1, the quenched HRC value of core of rod product is 40-42 to meet the requirement of user.关键词：Cold Heading Steel 10B21;Quenched Hardness;Nitrogen Content2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The growth behavior of austenite grain of non-quenching-tempering steel SG4201 for direct turning-cutting (/% : 0.42C, 0.50Si, 1.40Mn, 0.009P, 0.005S, 0.02Nb, 0.06V, 0.015N) heating at 1000-1250 T for 0-300 s has been tested and studied by using Gleeble 3500 thermal simulation test machine, and the growth model of austenite grain of steel has been established. Test results show that with heating for 30 s, the coarsening temperature of austenite grains with large amount niobium solving is about 1100 ℃； the activation energy of austenite grain growth is about 110.8 kJ； and the soaking temperature of steel SG4201 casting billet being no-more than 1150 °C is defined. The commercial production results show that with casting billet soaking heating at ≤1150℃, finished rolled at 800-850℃ , cooling speed after rolling 30-35℃/s, the mechanical properties of steel SG4201 are tensile strength 927 MPa, yield strength 687 MPa, elongation 23.5% , reduction of area 57% , U-impact energy 48 J and HBW hardness value 265.关键词：Non-Quenching-Tempering Steel SG4201 for Turning-Cutting;Austenite;Grain growth;Coarsening Temperature;Activation Energy2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The effect of C and V content on hardness of non-quenched-tempered pre-hardening plastic die steel (/% : 0.36-0.45C, 0.42-0.46Si, 1.41-1.49Mn, 0.11-0.15 V) has been tested and researched by a 50 kg medium frequency induction furnace in laboratory, and according to regression analysis the vanadium non-quenched-tempered prehardening plastic die steel 48MnV (/% : 0.45-0.50C, 0.30-0.60Si, 1.20-1.40Mn, ≤0.020P, ≤0.020S, 0.15-0.20V) is developed to replace the quenched-tempered plastic die steel P20 (/% : 0.35-0.40C, 0.40-0.60Si, 0.80 -1.00Mn, ≤0.015P, ≤0.015S, 1.50-1.80Cr, 0.30-0.50Mo ). The production results of 110 heats commercial production by 120t BOF-360 mm x 450 mm casting-≤85 mm flat rolling-inline pre-hardening treated with controled cooling rate 0.6-1.0 °C/s flowsheet show that the HRC hardness value of non-quenched-tempered flat of steel 48MnV is 29.5-33.5 to meet the requirement of relative specificalion.关键词：Non-Quenched-Tempered Steel 48MnV for Pre-Hardening Plastic Die;Vanadium;Development2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The production flowsheet for studied Φ5 mm 500E anti-quake reinforced bar steel 20MnVN (/% ： 0.19-0.20C, 0.23-0.26Si, 1.26-1.31Mn, 0. 016-0.023P, 0.006-0.012S, 0.10-0.11V, 0.0038-0.0163N) is 50 t top and bottom combined blowing converter-LF-160 mm x 160 mm billet casting-rod control rolling and control cooling process. The results show that with increasing the nitrogen content in steel, the tough dimples of tensile fracture of 500E 20MnVN steel coil become deeper and their diameters become larger, and the ferrite content in structure increases from 63.6% to 74.8% ； increasing nitrogen content is available to increase the yield strength, tensile strength and elongation of 20MnVN steel coil, and with increasing the nitrogen content in steel from 0. 003 8% to 0.016 3% , the yield strength, tensile strength and elongation of steel increases respectively from 513 MPa, 650 MPa and 10.5% to 571 MPa, 703 MPa and 13.0%. The V-N microalloying and V(C, N) precipitated strengthening-toughing mechanism is analyzed.关键词：500E抗震钢筋;20MnVN;氮;V(C,N)析出强化;力学性能2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The tested non-quenched-tenipered steel 48MnVS (/% ： 0.48C, 0.60Si, 1.50Mn, 0.35Cr, 0.14V, 0.05S, 0.020Al, 0.0150N) is melted by an 100t EAF, cast to 280 min x 360 mm bloom and rolled to Φ100 mm bar products. The recrystallization precess of austenite in vanadium microalloying non-quenched-tempered steel 48MnVS singlepass compressed with defonnation 60% and deformation rale 0.1-10 s-1temperature at 950-1150℃ is studied by using a Gleeble-3800 thermal simulation tests machine lo gel true stress-true strain curves, and the dynamic recrystallization grain size model and the dynamic recrystallization slate diagram in tested sleel are obtained by calculation. Results show that with higher deformation temperature ant lower deformation rate, the stored energy of deformation for occurring dynamic recrystallization is lower therefore dynamic recrystallization of vtuiadium microalloying non-quenched-tempered steel 48MnVS occurs more easily. The activation energy Qdfor dynamic recrystallization of tested steel 48MnVS is 343.202 kJ/mol.关键词：V Microalloying Non-Quenched-Tempered Steel 48MnVS;Dynamic Recrystallization;Grain Size of Austenite2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：Based on the finite element method according to two dimensional solidification heat transfer model, the simulation of solidification structure of 280 mm x 325 mm bloom of GCr15 bearing steel casting with casting speed 0.6 m/min and 0.5 m/min, liquid superheated extent 30℃ and 10℃ , and secondary cooling water rate 0.25 L/kg and 0.20 L/kg has been carried out to study the effect of casting process parameters on structure of bloom. Results show that with increasing the liquid superheated extent from 10°C to 30℃ , the equiaxial crystal zone and mixed crystal zone decreases from 70% to 55% , so the effect of superheated extent on bloom solidification structure is very obvious ； with decreasing the casting speed from 0.6 m/min to 0.5 m/min the average length of columnar crystal grows by 6.5 mm, but the transition zone from columnar crystal to equiaxial crystal decreases, it is available to reduce the enrichment of solute elements in the zone ； with decreasing the sencondary cooling water rate from 0.25 L/kg to 0.20 L/kg, there is no obvious difference in columnar crystal and equiaxial crystal zone, therefore there is no obvious effect of decreasing secondary water rate on solidification of structure in casting bloom.关键词：GCr15轴承钢;280 mm x 325 mm坯连铸;凝固组织;偏析;数值模拟2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
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