最新刊期
卷 38 ， 期 1 ， 2017
- 摘要：Orthogonal experiment with 4 factors and 5 levels by using 120 t BOF geometric similarity 1：7 water model has been earned out to study the effect of height of oxygen lance from pool (200 -280 mm) , top lance flow rate (72. 5 ~ 99. 0 m3/h) , bottom blowing flow rate (0. 8 ~2. 4 m3/h) and distribution of bottom blowing holes (4 ~ 8 holes) position on BOF top and bottom combined blowing. Results show that distribution of bottom blowing holes position is most important factor to influence the mixing effect of liquid pool, with height of oxygen lance from pool h = 240 mm, top lance flow rate Q1=99. 0 m3/h, bottom blowing flow rate Q2=2. 4 m3/h and 6 holes bottom blowing position D)(4) , the mixing effect of liquid pool is best. The results of steel Q235B production application of 120 t BOF top and bottom combined blown obtain that with top blowing rate 25 000 m3/h, bottom blowing rate 560 ~ 800 m3/h and bottom blowing by 6 holes distribution the liquid end [ C] is 0. 14% 〜0. 18% and the carbon oxygen product is 0.002 3 ~0.002 5 by blowing for 14 ~ 16 min to get better pool mix effect.2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The mold liquid surface fluctuation, impact depth, distribution of flow field and powder covering condition with using original submerged nozzle (lower hole diameter 78 mm, side hole long axis 80 mm and short axis 66 mm) and with using optimized submerged nozzle of reduced hole dimension (lower hole diameter 65 mm, side hole long axis 75 mm and short axis 60 mm) for mold of 230 mm x 1 250 mm casting slab have been studied by using geometric similarity 1: 2 water model. Results show that in same working procedure condition with using optimized submerged nozzle the liquid surface fluctuation is more active, the thickness liquid slag layer is relative uniform, i. e. reducing side hole area of nozzle is available to increase the velocity of flow at outlet and favorable to melt the mold powder. By measured the thickness of liquid slag layer in mold for casting 230 mm x 1 250 mm slab of steel DP600 at steelworks the results show that with nozzle submerged depth 130 mm and steel flow rate 2. 8 t/min, by using the original nozzle the liquid surface in mold is less active and the difference of thickness of liquid slag layer in mold is 12 ~ 13 mm, but the liquid surface in mold is rather active and the difference of thickness of liquid slag layer is 3 〜5 mm by using optimized nozzle.2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The evolution behavior of total oxygen content and amount, size, ingredient and type of inclusions in steel during steelmaking process of stainless steel 304 by 160 t EAF-180 t AOD-LF-CC flowsheet has been studied by nitrogen oxygen analyzer, optical and scanning electron microscope. The AOD refining process main operation data are initial [C] 2.0% 〜3.0%, [Si] 0.2% 〜0.4%, end [C] 0.04% 〜0.06% , end AOD slag ingredient (/%)： 53.9CaO, 30. 1 SiO21. 34Al2O35. 22MgO, 8. 74CaF20. 39Cr2O30. 53TFe, 0. 62MnO, and end LF slag ingredient (/%)： 57.9CaO, 21.6SiO2, 1.70Al2O36. 30MgO, 0. 03Cr2O311.9CaF20. 26TFe, 0.31MnO. Results show that in AOD- LF-CC process the oxygen content in steel decreases gradually, the deoxidized ratio is up to 71. 0% and the oxygen content in casting slab is 25 x 10-6the amount of large inclusions decreases obviously in refining process, and there is no ≥20μm inclusion occurring in casting bloom ； during refining process the main inclusions in steel are low-melting silicate, and from end LF to cast slab the MgO and Al2O3content in inclusions increase respectively by 12% and 17. 5% , due to temperature decreasing, in cast slab the residual Mg, Al continuously combined with 0 to precipitate MgO-Al2O3Aspinel and residual Mg and Al reacting with low-melting siHcate to form high-melting silicate, therefore the inclusions in cast slab are mainly magnesium-aluminium spinel and high-melting silicate.3|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The effect of position, diameter, inclination angle and elevation angle of retaining wall guide flow holes, dam and turbulence controller on average residence time and proportion of dead zone in a 32 t tundish for eight-strand casting has been studied with geometry similarity 1-3.5 water model and orthogonal test method. Test results show that the consistence of residence time with using optimized trapezoidal structure and V type structure of retaining wall is better than that of empty tundish and original tundish retaining wall structure； the effect of average residence time and proportion of dead zone with using V type retaining wall is better than that with using trapezoidal retaining wall； the comprehensive effect of trapezoidal retaining wall scheme with height of three flow guide holes- 500/300/400 mm, diameter of holes 80 mm, inclination angle 60°/65°/80° and elevation angle 0° is best. The commercial production test by desulphurized metal- 100 t top and bottom combined blown converter- LF- CC process indicated that with using the optimized V type retaining wall scheme the average total oxygen content in casting bloom decreases to 50. 5 X 10-6from 55. 6 x 10-6with original tundish.4|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The continuous cooling transformation ( CCT) curves of U75V steel (/% ； 0. 75C, 0. 63Si, 0. 95Mn, 0. 025P,0. 004S,0. 26Cr,0. 05V) are measured by a Gleeble-3500 thermal simulation testing machine, and the calculated model for temperature field and structure transformation of 60AT rail during air-cooling process after rolling is established by using DEFORM-3D finite element software to study and analyze the effect of temperature and structure on bending deformation of 60AT rail during 150 ~700 s air-cooling process after rolling. Results show that the effect of great volume to surface- area ratio of rail waist of 60 AT rail on distribution of temperature at whole rail section is larger, with rail air-cooling for 150 s, there is no phase transformation at section of 60AT rail and the structure is all austenite, with temperature dropping i. e. air cooling for 650 s, the 97. 2 % austenite at rail section transfers to pearlite, besides the effect of structure transformation on bending deformation of rail is larger, at end air-cooling the bending deflection of rail in K-direction (lateral bending) is -0. 07 mm, i. e. the bending is toward rail bottom short edge, and the bending deflection of rail in Z-direction (positive bending) is 0. 228 mm, i. e. the bending is toward rail head. The calculation results are available for reference of pre-bending in rail straightening process.2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The diagrams of forming MgO ·Al2O32MgO·SiO23Al2O32SiO2and 2MgO·2Al2O3·5SiO2phase predominance area during refining process of stainless steel 316L (/% : 0. 02C, 0. 51 Si, 1. 15Mn, 0. 030P, .001S, 16. 77Cr, 10. 12Ni, 2. 07Mo, 0. 040N, 0. 006Ti, 0. 004Al) in equilibrium condition after deoxidation are obtained by using thermodynamic calculation method, and the thermodynamic conditions for formation and transformation of various inclusions have been studied and analyzed. Results show that at 1 873 K as the solution Al content in liquid is less than 0. 001 % and the solution Mg content is less than 2 x 10-7% , it is available to form the better deformable 2MgO·2Al2O3·5SiO2low-melting-point inclusions； as solution Al content in liquid is less than 1. 7 x 10-4% , there is no spinel inclusions MgO·Al2O3formed in liquid ； and the formation area of high-melting-point inclusions 2MgO ·SiO2and 3Al2O32SiO2is largest. Practice results show that the thermodynamic condition for modification treatment on high-melting-point inclusions 2MgO · SiO2and 3Al2O3·2SiO2by adding Ca is sufficient, as solution oxygen content in 180 t LF liquid of stainless steel 316L is 0. 002 0% , the refining end［O］ is 0. 001 5% by feeding silicon-calcium wire 2 m/t, and the rating of C-type inclusions in 2mm cold rolled sheet is 0. 5 ~ 1. 0, the main composition of inclusions is CaO·Al2O3·SiO2.3|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The chemical composition of semi-steel after extracted-vanadium from hot metal with 4. 28% 〜5. 02% C and 0. 19% ~0. 24% V is 3. 30% - 3. 80% C and ≤0. 037% V. The “slag-remaining + double slag” process is remaining the slag of previous heat, charging extracted vanadium semi-steel and 50 ~ 70 kg/t scrap, adding lime and dolomite, blowing for 5 ~6 min, then tapping slag, adding suitable lime and dolomite and continuous blowing to end. Results show that in early blowing period, with increasing slag basicity or liquid temperature, the dephosphorization rate of liquid earlier increases and later decreases, and with increasing (FeO) in slag the dephosphorization rate of liquid earlier increases and later is constant, and the optimal control conditions are slag basicity 3.0 ~3.5 , (FeO) 10.0% ~ 15.0% and liquid temperature at tapping slag 1480 ~ 1 510 ℃； in later blowing period, with increasing slag basicity the dephosphorization rate increases, while with increasing liquid temperature the dephosphorization rate decreases, the effect of (FeO) on dephosphorization is similar to that in the earlier blowing period, it is available to control the slag basicity 3. 5 ~ 4.0, (FeO) 8.0% ~ 10.0% and liquid temperature ≤1 630 °C at BOF blowing end and the dephosphorization rate is more than 90.0% ； and the liquid end [P] shall be controlled less than 0. 015% to meet the requirement for low phosphorus steel steelmaking.关键词：100t转炉;提钒半钢;低磷钢;炉渣成分;温度控制;留渣+双渣法2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The metallurgical flowsheet of 230 nun casting slab of 700 MPa Ti microalloying low carbon steel is KR metal pre-desulphurization-210 t BOF-LF-RH-CC process. It is found that the median position of cross section of slab in laid up is breaking. The results by analysis on casting slab composition, structure, gas content, inclusions and hot plasticity show that the composition of median position is same as that in other part of slab (/% : 0.075 ~ 0.084C, 0.53 ~ 0.56Si, 1.97~2.05Mn, 0.025 ~0.026P, 0.002-0.004S, 0.134 ~ 0.136Ti, 0.20Mo, 0.064 ~0.069Nb, 0.001V, 0.008 9N) , and the structure of breaking area and base metal is all fenite + minor pearlite with same grain size； the micro crack in breaking area is formed by local plasticity deformation in main crack expanding process ； the formed network proeutectoid ferrite, TiC and TiN are key reason to effect on hot plasticity of casting slab of high Ti microalloying steel. With the measures including in prerequisite of qualified strength of plate to decrease the Ti content in steel from 0. 13% to 0. 11%, secondary water ratio ≤0.9L/kg, temperature of slab at straightening region being more than 950℃ (second brittle zone of the steel- 950 ~ 850 ℃.), adding holding bell and using slow cooling pit to decrease the cooling rate of slab, the breaking rate of high Ti slab decreases from 10% to 0 to avoid the occurrence of slab breaking.关键词：Ti微合金化, 连铸板坯, 断裂, 热塑性, 网状先共析铁素体, TiN;TiC, 工艺改善2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：Because of the issues of continuous erosion of a 60 t BOF tapping hole, easily occurring local serious etching led to irregular shape of tapping hole, tapping flow diffusing and slagging down, during steelmaking process the aim content of elements can't be controlled led to production interruption, service life of tapping hole less than that of furnace body and frequently changing tapping hole. By the measures including improving the tapping hole assemble process, optimizing the tapping changing process, adjusting slag damming process and maintaining the tapping hole, the amount of slagging down decreases, the yield of alloy Si and Mn increase respectively from original 76. 75% and 90. 04% to 84. 26% and 91. 16% , the BOF end [O] decreases from 645 x 10-6to 463 x 10-6and the service life of tapping hole increases obviously from original 200 ~ 300 heats to 700 ~ 800 heats, and the times of change tapping hole per month decreases from 6 ~ 8 to 2 ~ 3.2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The metallurgical flowsheet of steel 34CrNiMo6 (/% : 0. 30 ~0. 38C, 0.50 〜0. 80Mn, ≤0. 40Si, 0.015 ~0.035S, ≤0.035P, 1.30 〜1.70Ni, 1. 30 〜1.70Cr, 0. 15 ~0. 30Mo) is 30 t EAF-LF-VD-casting Φ70 mm electrode- 3. 6 t ESR ingot (Φ 610 mm)- forged to Φ280 mm round bar. Based on analysis the factors to influence rating of B-type inclusions in steel during steelmaking process, with using the measures including decreasing the oxygen content in electrode from original 20 x 10 to 11 x 10-6and increasing the S content in electrode from 0.035% to 0.045% to decrease the adding amount of FeS etc additives during ESR process, increasing the fluorite content in fluorite-Al2O3-SiO2-MgO ESR slag series from 45% to 60% and decreasing the SiO2from 15% to 5% , the rating of B-type inclusions in round bar decreases from original 2. 5 to ≤ 1. 5 and the distribution of sulfur in steel uniform to insure the quality of ESR steel.6|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The metallurgy flowsheet of tested production steel grades 26CrMo4, 30Mn5 and 30Mn6V is 150 t EAF- LF-VD-0210 〜310 mm tube bloom casting. The results of analysis on inclusions in steels steelmaking by 6 heats using original low basicity tundish covering powder and by 15 heats using high basicity tundish covering powder (/% : 9. 2MgO, 0. 87Fe2O344.03CaO, 7. 53SiO218. 68Al2O3) show that with using original low basicity tundish covering powder, the Al content in liquid from end VD soft stirring to tundish decreases by 5 x 10-6~ 35x10-6average Al content decreases by 25 x 10-6but that with using basicity 6 tundish covering powder decreases by 10 x 10-6~ 20 x 10-6with using original covering powder the amount of 1 ~ 10μm inclusions in steel sample at 300 mm2area increases obviously from VD to tundish and that of > 10 μm inclusions decreases, but with using basicity 6 tundish covering powder the amount of 1 ~ 10 μm inclusions in steel sample at same area decreases from VD to tundish and that of > 10μm inclusions decreases obviously ,it indicates that as compared with original covering powder the basicity 6 tundish covering powder is more suitable for steelmaking of clean steel.2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The 17Gr-17Mn-2Mo-0. 8N ultra-low carbon austenite stainless steel is melted by a 50 kg vacuum and pressure induction furnace + gas shielded electroslag remelting (ESR) process, and the inclusions content and size, metallurgical quality and mechanical properties of steel before and after ESR are studied. Results show that with ESR the inclusions content in steel decreases obviously, the average size of inclusions decreases to 1. 81μm from 2. 36 μm before ESR, and the sulphur content in steel decreases to 0. 001% from 0. 004% before ESR; after ESR the structure in Φ20 mm forged bar is fine and uniform, the mechanical properties , A and /lKV of steel respectively increase to 1 053 MPa, 50. 0% and 296 J from 924 MPa, 30. 5% and 248 J before ESR； the blowhole defect in electrode is eliminated by ESR, as compared before ESR the yield of ESR ingot increases by more than 30%.2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The Φ22 mm x 2 mm 304 stainless steel tube-0. 1 mm copper foil-Φ17. 2 mm Q195 reinforce steel bar is cold-drawn by reduction 10% in diameter to make the 3 layer metal closed contact, than heated and brazed at 1 150 ℃ to get Stainless steel/carbon steel clad bar. The effect of heating temperature 1 100 〜1 225 ℃ for i h and holding time (0. 5 〜4 h) at 1 150 ℃ on structure and performance of contacted interface of clad reinforce bar has been studied. Results show that the strength of brazing metal interface heated at 1 150 ℃ is maximum , i. e. 296 MPa, and the copper foil as a brazing layer is available to fulfill the metallurgical combination of stainless steel layer and carbon steel layer； with increasing holding time at 1 150 ℃，the diffusion distance and concentration of elements between stainless steel and carbon steel increase, with holding for 2 h the Fe in carbon steel side diffuses into copper foil about 80μm and the Cr and Ni in stainless steel side diffuse into carbon steel about 60μm； and the bubble type iron base solid solution containing Cr and Ni occurred in copper brazing layer becomes larger and increases ； and with increasing holding time the shear strength and micro hardness of interface area are increase first and then decrease, and with holding for 2 h the shear strength and micro hardness are up to maximum and respectively 301 MPa and HV423.关键词：304不锈钢-Q195碳钢复合钢筋;冷拔;铜钎焊;1150℃保温时间;剪切强度5|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The bearing steel GCrl5 in EAF tapping is pre-deoxidized by specialty refining slag and Al to control the Al content 0. 03% ~0. 06% in liquid, and the ingredient of LF refining slag is (/% ) 53 ~ 58CaO, 6 ~ 16SiO215 ~30Al2O33~10 MgO, (FeO + MnO). The inclusions in 320 mm x 480 mm casting bloom and hot-rolled Φ45 mm round bar are analyzed by using auto scanning electron microscope ASPEX. Results show that the oxide inclusions in casting bloom and round bar of bearing steel GCr15 are magnesia alumina spinel or calcium aluminate, and the amount of oxide inclusions at edge of bloom and round bar is more than that at center, and the larger than 10μm inclusions are globular calcium aluminate or calcium aluminate-magnesia alumina spinel compound inclusion ； the non-oxide inclusions in bloom and round bar are mainly MnS, TiN and cladding inclusions-magnesia alumina spinel covered by MnS, TiN or CaS, and calcium aluminate covered by CaS. It is obtained by using Factsage calculation that MnS and TiN precipitate during solidification process and large amounts precipitate respectively at solid fraction fs being more than 0. 9 and 0. 6； there is large amount CaS in liquid at steelmaking temperature 1 600℃, minor precipitates during liquid cooling process and tiny minority precipitates during solidification process.关键词：100 t EAF-LF-VD-CC流程, GCr15轴承钢, 320 mm x480 mm铸坯, Φ45 mm圆钢, 夹杂物, ASPEX3|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The 3 mm hot-rolled plate finishing rolling at 860 °C water-cooling of dual-phase steel DP780 (/% : 0. 09C, 0. 17Si, 1. 94Mn, 0. 009P, 0. 003 S, 0. 23 Cr) is cold-rolled to 1mm sheet respectively with single pass reduction 1. 0% and 6. 0% , and annealed at 780 °C for 5 h. The distribution of surface residual stress and thickness direction residual stress after cold-rolling and annealing of dual-phase high-strength steel DP780 with different single pass reduction is analyzed respectively by using X-ray diffraction and peeling method. Test results show that the effect of single pass reduction on distribution of stress in dual phase steel DP78O is great, the surface residual stress of sheet with pass reduction 6. 0% is larger and with increasing the distance along thickness direction the stress gradually decreases, the surface residual stress of sheet with pass reduction 1. 0% is smaller and with increasing the distance along thickness direction the stress first increases then decreases, and the compressive stress of center of thickness for both reduction is up to maximum value. The residual stress of sheet reduces markedly by annealing, that is with pass reduction 1. 0% the surface residual stress of sheet decreases by 50% and with pass reduction 6. 0% the surface residual stress of sheet decreases by 75% , and after annealing the distribution rule of residual stress along thickness direction with both reduction percentages is about the same.3|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：Metallurgical flowsheet of tested steel EA1N (/% : 0. 35C, 0. 30Si, 0. 90Mn, 0. 013P, 0. 008S, 0. 15Cr, 0. 10Ni, 0. 10Cu, 0. 04V, 0. 04Al) is 60 t EBT EAF-LF-VD-bottom casting 8.4 t square ingot-hot-rolled to 150 mm x 150 mm billet. The hot compression deformation of steel EA1N with strain rate 0. 01~10s-1at 800 ~ 1 300 °C has been tested and studied by using Gleeble-3800 thermal simulation tester to analyze in hot deformation of the steel the relation between flow stress, strain rate and deformation temperature and get the flow tress equation. Results show that in hot compression deformation of steel EA1N with increasing strain rate the flow stress increases and with increasing deforming temperature the flow stress decreases, and as the temperature is more than 1 100 °C and the strain rate is larger than 1s-1the feature of dynamic recrystallization occurs obviously on flow stress curves of steel The hot deformation activation energy of steel EA1N is 392.43 KJ/mol.3|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The continuous cooling transformation (CCT) curves of Φ406.4 mm x 16.5 mm X70 seamless steel tube for deep-sea pipe-line (/% : 0. 07C, 0. 70Si, 0. 80Mn, 0.008P, 0. 002S, 0. 25Ni, 0. 25Cr, 0. 20Mo, 0. 10Cu, 0. 06V, 0. 03Nb, 0. 04Alt,0.006 ON) have been measured by using Gleeble-3500 thermo-mechanical simulator, and the structure feature of the steel tube with cooling rate 0. 1 ~ 100 ℃/s is analyzed by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and HV hardness meter. Results show that with cooling rate 0.15℃ /s the main structure in steel is ferrite + pearlite, as cooling rate more than 5 ℃/s the structure in steel is bainite + ferrite ； with increasing cooling rate the structure of steel is fined and the hardness of steel increases ； with cooling rate 30 〜50 °C /s the suitable amount of lath bainite structure is obtained therefore to insure getting excellent mechanical properties of pipe-line steel.2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
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