1.辽宁科技大学材料与冶金学院,鞍山 114051
2.辽宁科技大学机械工程与自动化学院, 鞍山 114051
3.东北特殊钢集团有限责任公司,大连 116300
沈佳兴(2002—),男,硕士; E-mail:504623987@qq.com
艾天宇(1990—),女,博士,讲师; E-mail:tianyuai@ustl.edu.cn
收稿:2025-09-03,
修回:2025-10-22,
录用:2025-10-28,
纸质出版:2026-05-30
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沈佳兴,牟家林,刘钦等.控冷工艺抑制GCr15轴承钢网状碳化物的仿真优化[J].特殊钢,2026,47(03):94-103.
Shen Jiaxing,Mou Jialin,Liu Qin,et al.Simulation Optimization of Controlled Cooling Process for Suppressing Network Carbides in GCr15 Bearing Steel[J].Special Steel,2026,47(03):94-103.
沈佳兴,牟家林,刘钦等.控冷工艺抑制GCr15轴承钢网状碳化物的仿真优化[J].特殊钢,2026,47(03):94-103. DOI: 10.20057/j.1003-8620.N250534.
Shen Jiaxing,Mou Jialin,Liu Qin,et al.Simulation Optimization of Controlled Cooling Process for Suppressing Network Carbides in GCr15 Bearing Steel[J].Special Steel,2026,47(03):94-103. DOI: 10.20057/j.1003-8620.N250534.
GCr15轴承钢棒材心部网状碳化物是影响高端轴承疲劳寿命与服役可靠性的关键因素。在轧后700~900 ℃内冷却能力不足会显著促进晶界网状碳化物的析出,而传统物理测温手段难以获取心部温度变化规律。鉴于此,采用DEFORM-3D软件建立了40 mm棒材热连轧及冷却过程的全流程仿真模型,通过精确计算空冷和水冷换热系数,实现了轧材表面模拟温度与现场实测温度的高度吻合,并提出了多段式水冷工艺方案。结果表明,优化后的冷却系统使棒材心部温度从860 ℃快速降至639 ℃,有效避开了网状碳化物析出的温度区间。同时,表面返红温度控制在609 ℃以下。经实验验证,该优化水冷工艺下GCr15轴承钢棒材心部的碳化物析出程度明显减轻。
The network carbides in the core of GCr15 bearing steel bars are a critical factor affecting the fatigue life and service reliability of high-end bearings. Insufficient cooling capacity within the 700–900 ℃ range after rolling significantly promotes the precipitation of network carbides at grain boundaries, while traditional physical temperature measurement methods cannot accurately to capture the temperature variation patterns within the core. To address this, a full-process simulation model for the hot continuous rolling and cooling of 40 mm bars was established using DEFORM-3D software. By precisely calculating heat transfer coefficients for air and water cooling, the simulated surface temperatures achieved high consistency with actual measured temperatures. A multi-stage water cooling process was proposed. Results indicate that the optimized cooling system rapidly reduces the core temperature from 860 ℃ to 639 ℃, effectively avoiding the temperature range where network carbide precipitation occurs, while simultaneously controlling the surface re-reddening temperature below 609 ℃. Experimental verification confirms that under this optimized water-cooling process, carbide precipitation in the core of GCr15 bearing steel bars is significantly reduced.
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