1.昆明理工大学材料科学与工程学院,昆明650093
2.山西阳煤化工机械(集团)有限公司,太原030032
3.江苏科技大学材料科学与工程学院,镇江212008
李慧东(2001—),男,硕士;E-mail:3202467800@qq.com
李绍宏(1982—),男,博士,副教授;E-mail:lishaohong@kust.edu.cn
收稿:2026-05-27,
修回:2026-06-18,
录用:2026-06-22,
纸质出版:2026-09-30
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李慧东,张竣宣,李绍宏等.碳化物预析出临界淬火对改性H13钢组织及热疲劳性能的影响[J].特殊钢,2026,47(05):136-144.
Li Huidong,Zhang Junxuan,Li Shaohong,et al.Effects of Carbide Pre-precipitation–Assisted Critical Quenching on the Microstructure and Thermal Fatigue Properties of Modified H13 Steel[J].Special Steel,2026,47(05):136-144.
李慧东,张竣宣,李绍宏等.碳化物预析出临界淬火对改性H13钢组织及热疲劳性能的影响[J].特殊钢,2026,47(05):136-144. DOI:10.20057/j.1003-8620.N260078.
Li Huidong,Zhang Junxuan,Li Shaohong,et al.Effects of Carbide Pre-precipitation–Assisted Critical Quenching on the Microstructure and Thermal Fatigue Properties of Modified H13 Steel[J].Special Steel,2026,47(05):136-144. DOI:10.20057/j.1003-8620.N260078.
针对H13型热作模具钢常规调质处理后存在原奥氏体晶粒粗大、马氏体板条较宽及碳化物易粗化等问题,研究了碳化物预析出临界淬火处理对显微组织及热疲劳性能的影响。结果表明,经1 050 ℃淬火+730 ℃碳化物预析出+930 ℃临界淬火处理后,试验钢的原奥氏体晶粒从1 050 ℃淬火态的126.9 μm显著细化至36.3 μm,同时马氏体板条平均宽度由1.23 μm减小至0.54 μm。预析出阶段形成的弥散细小碳化物在临界奥氏体化过程中未完全回溶,对晶界迁移产生显著钉扎作用并促进形核,从而实现组织协同细化。在610 、700 ℃长时间回火过程中,两种工艺均发生碳化物回溶与粗化,但碳化物预析出临界淬火试样中碳化物尺寸更小、分布更均匀,其粗化速率明显降低。回火过程中两种试样均表现出“先快后缓”的两阶段软化特征。相比常规处理,碳化物预析出临界淬火试样在高温长时间回火条件下具有更低的软化速率,其抗回火软化能力显著提高。热疲劳试验结果表明,经1 000次冷热循环后,预析出临界淬火试样裂纹数量和平均裂纹长度均明显降低,裂纹扩展路径更加曲折,裂纹扩展速率得到有效抑制,表现出更优的抗热疲劳性能。
To address the issues of coarse prior austenite grains, wide martensite laths, and carbide coarsening in conventionally quenched and tempered H13 hot-work die steel, the effects of a carbide pre-precipitation–assisted critical quenching process on microstructure evolution and thermal fatigue behavior were investigated. The results show that, after a treatment comprising quenching at 1 050 ℃, carbide pre-precipitation at 730 ℃, and critical quenching at 930 ℃, the prior austenite grain size was significantly refined from 126.9 μm (obtained after 1 050 ℃ quenching) to 36.3 μm, while the average martensite lath width decreased from 1.23 μm to 0.54 μm. The fine dispersed carbides formed in the pre-precipitation stage were not completely re-dissolved during subsequent critical austenitization, thereby exerting a strong pinning effect on grain boundary migration and facilitate nucleation, which resulted in a synergistic refinement of the microstructure. During long-term tempering at 610 ℃ and 700 ℃, both processes exhibited carbide dissolution and coarsening; however, the carbide pre-precipitation–assisted critical quenching sample showed smaller carbide size, more uniform distribution, and a significantly reduced coarsening rate. Both samples exhibited a two-stage softening behavior characterized by an initial rapid decrease followed by a gradual decline. Compared with conventional treatment, the carbide pre-precipitation–critical quenching sample demonstrated a lower softening rate under high-temperature long-term tempering, indicating markedly improved resistance to tempering softening. Thermal fatigue tests further revealed that after 1 000 thermal cycles, the treated samples exhibited fewer cracks and shorter average crack length, more tortuous crack propagation paths, and a significantly suppressed crack growth rate, demonstrating superior thermal fatigue resistance.
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