Abstract: By using steel plates with radiation-proof material coating welding on conventional ladle exterior shell and lid, a new ladle with vacuum shell is got to reduce heat loss, and the effect of pressure in vacuum chamber (50~10⁵Pa) on temperature reduction of 1873K 500kg liquid steel and the comprehensive thermal transmission mechanism in vacuum chamber are studied by using vacuum thermal insulation theory. Results show that as the absolute pressure in chamber of ladle shell and lid is respectively 50Pa and 10⁵Pa for 30min, the temperature drop of liquid in ladle is respectively 8K and 37K, and the conversion convection additional factor value at 10⁵Pa is 200 times as much as that at 50Pa； the thermal conductivity of insulated layer of conventional ladle is 11 times as much as that of vacuum shell ladle with vacuum chamber absolute pressure 50Pa, and the thermal conductivity of working layer refractory materials of conventional ladle is 116 times as much as that new ladle with 50Pa. Therefore, the new ladle with lower pressures in shell has obvious thermal insulation effect.

摘要： 采用涂有防辐射材料的钢板焊接在传统钢包和钢包盖外壳上,构造出新型带真空壳钢包体减少热损失,并运用真空绝热理论,研究压力（50~10⁵Pa）对500kg,1873K的钢液温降以及真空壳内综合传热机理的影响。结果表明,30min后,钢包壳和钢包盖真空室的真空绝对压力分别为50Pa和10⁵Pa时,钢液温降分别为8K和37K;转化对流附加因素值在10⁵Pa时是在50Pa的200倍;传统钢包绝热层的导热系数是真空壳绝对压力为50Pa时的11倍;工作层耐火材料导热系数是真空压力为50Pa的116倍。因此,新型钢包在低压力下保温作用明显。

关键词: 钢包, 热损失, 真空壳, 压力, 热流, 绝热