Steam-Oxidation Behavior of Heat Resistant Steels for Ultra-Supper Critical Power Station Boiler

Abstract

Abstract: Coal fired power plants use high temperature and high pressure steam to make electricity. With the steam parameter improved to ultra-super critical, the steam oxidation becomes much more serious. Heat resistant steels for coal- fired power plants mainly include low alloy heat resistant steels,9% Cr martensitic heat resistant steels and 18Cr-8Ni austenitic heat resistant steels. In this paper, the steam-oxidation behavior of the three kinds of heat-resistant steels is reviewed, and the kinetics and the structure characteristics of the oxide scale are introduced. The methods of improving steam oxidation resistance are summarized. The methods for avoiding possible oxidation problems in service exposure of the three kinds of materials are suggested

摘要： 燃煤火力发电站利用高温高压蒸汽为工质进行发电。随着火力发电的水蒸汽参数提高到超超临界,水蒸汽氧化问题变得尤其突出。当前超(超)临界火电站锅炉用耐热钢主要有低合金耐热钢、9%Cr型马氏体耐热钢和18Cr-8Ni型奥氏体耐热钢。综述了上述三类耐热钢的蒸汽氧化行为,着重介绍了动力学规律和氧化皮结构特点以及提高抗蒸汽氧化性能的方法。并对这三类材料使用中会出现的蒸汽氧化问题提出了对策。

Zhang Wei, , Bai Yin, Bao Hansheng, Chen Zhengzong and Liu Zhengdong. Steam-Oxidation Behavior of Heat Resistant Steels for Ultra-Supper Critical Power Station Boiler[J]. Special Steel, 2019, 40(6): 23-27.

张伟, 白银, 包汉生, 陈正宗, 刘正东. 超超临界电站锅炉用耐热钢的水蒸汽氧化行为[J]. 特殊钢, 2019, 40(6): 23-27.

References

[1]包伟伟.1000 MW超超临界机组系统优化技术经济性分析[J].发电设备,2017,31(03):154-158.
[2]薛清元，李辉,丁常富，等.600 MW等级亚临界机组超超临界改造的热力系统设计分析[J].汽轮机技术,2018,60(01):49-52.
[3]龙辉,黄晶晶.“十三五”燃煤发电设计技术发展方向分析[J].发电技术,2018,39(01):13-17.
[4]Ehlers J,Young D J.Smaardijk E J,et al. Enhanced Oxidation of the 9% Cr Steel P91 in Water Vapour Containing Environments [J] , Corrosion Science ,2006,48 ： 3428-3454.
[5]Nguyen T D,Zhang J, Young D J. Water Vapour Effects on Corrosion of Fe-Cr and Fe-Cr-Ni Alloys Containing Cerium and Manganese in C0₂ Gas at 818°C[J],Corrosion Science,2014,89：220-235.
[6]王起江，洪杰,徐松乾，等.超超临界电站锅炉用关键材料[J].北京科技大学学报,2012,34(Sl)：26-33.
[7]张乃强，徐鸿，白杨，等.溶解氧浓度对低合金钢T24在超临界水中氧化的影响[J],中国几点工程学报，2011,31(35)： 123¬125.
[8]Li H,Cao Q,Zhu Z High Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Ferritic Steel in Supercritical Water at 550-700 ℃ [J]. Materials at High Temperatures ,2018. 1-6.
[9]Viswanathan R,Sarver J,Tanzosh J. M. Boiler Materials for Ultra-Supercritical Coal Power Plants-Steamside Oxidation, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance,2006,15 ：255-274.
[10]Trindade V B,Borin R,Hanjari B Z,et al. High-Temperature Oxidation of Pure Fe and the Ferritic Steel 2. 25CrlMo [J]. Materials Research -Ibero-American Journal of Materials,2005,8 (4) ：365-369.
[11]王正品，张路,刘江南，等.电站用T22及与T91管高温蒸汽氧化的失效分析[J].铸造技术,2004(07) ：523-525,
[12]李婷，赵钦新,王云刚，等.STBA24钢管蒸汽氧化的微观特征研究[J].动力工程学报,2010,30(04) ：293-297,303.
[13] Komai N, Masuyama F, Igarashi M. 10-Year Experience With T23 (2.25Cr-1.6W) and T122 (12Cr-0. 4Mo-2W) in a Power Boiler [J]. Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology-Transactions of the Asme,2004,127 ( 2) ：190-196.
[14]尹开锯，邱绍宇，唐睿，等.P92钢在超临界水中的腐蚀行为 [J].腐蚀与防护,2010,31(05):334-337,410.
[15]Zhong X, Wu X, Han E-H. The Characteristic of Oxide Scales on T91 Tube After Long-Term Service in an Ultra-Supercritical Coal Power Plant [J]. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids,2012,72 ：68- 77.
[16]Tan L,Yang Y, Allen T R. Oxidation Behavior of Iron-Based Alloy HCM12A Exposed in Supercritical Water [J]. Corrosion Science, 2006,48 (10):3123-3138.
[17]Ennis P J,Quadakkers W J. Mechanisms of Steam Oxidation in High Strength Martensitic Steels [J]. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping,2007,84 (1-2) ：75-Bl.
[18] Gorman D M, Fry A T. Porosity Connectivity Within the Spinel Layer of the 9Cr Steel Grade 91 when Exposed to High-Temperature Steam [J], oxidation of metals,2017,88 (3) ：435-446.
[19]Zurek J,De Bruycker E,Huysmans S,et al. Steam Oxidation of 9% to 12% Cr Steels: Critical Evaluation and Implications for Practical Application [J], Corrosion,2014,70 (2) ：112-129.
[20]Zurek J, Wessel E, Niewolak L, et al. Anomalous Temperature Dependence of Oxidation Kinetics During Steam Oxidation of Ferritic Steels in the Temperature Range 550 ~ 650 T [ J ]. Corrosion Science, 2004,46( 9) ：2301-2317.
[21]Zurek J,Hierro L N,Pironabellan J,et al. Effect of Alloying Additions in Ferritic 9% ~ 12% Cr Steels on the Temperature Dependence of the Steam Oxidation Resistance [J]. Materials Science Forum, 2004,791-798.
[22]Lukaszewicz M, Simms N J, Dudziak T, et al. Effect of Steam Flow Rate and Sample Orientation on Steam Oxidation of Ferritic and Austenitic Steels at 650 and 700 C [J]. Oxidation of Metals,2013, 79：473483.
[23]Dudziak T,Lukaszewicz M,Simms N,et al. Analysis of High Temperature Steam Oxidation of Superheater Steels Used in Coal Fired Boilers [J]. Oxidation of Metals, 2016,85：171-187.
[24]徐明利.TP347H和TP304H钢高温氧化行为的研究[D].西安：西安工业大学,2010.
[25]Zhang N,Cao Q,Gui J,et al. Oxidation and Chromia Evaporation of Austenitic Steel TP347HFG in Supercritical Water [J]. Materials at High Temperatures,2018,35 (5) ；461-468.
[26]Jia J,Montgomery M,Larsen 0 H,et al. Investigation of Steam Oxidation Behaviour of TP347H FG. Part 2:Exposure at 91 bar [J]. Materials and Corrosion-Werkstoffe Und Korrosion, 2005,56 (8 )： 459467.
[27] Kim J H,Kim D I, Suwas S,et al. Grain-Size Effects on the High- Temperature Oxidation of Modified 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel [J]. Oxidation of Metals,2013,79：239-247.
[28]Raman S,Khanna A S,Tiwari R K,et al. Influence of Grain Size on the Oxidation Resistance of 241 Cr-1 Mo Steel [J]. Oxidation of Metals, 1992,37( 1 )： 1-12.
[29]李健，马云海，杨小川，等.锅炉用TP347HFG和内壁喷丸TP347H奥氏体耐热钢抗蒸汽氧化性能对比研究[J].发电设备,2019,33(01):16-20.
[30]柯道斌.超临界机组TP347H受热管内氧化皮堆积爆管分析与预防[J].科技创新与应用,2017(05):145.
[31]马云海.超超临界锅炉用钢高温蒸汽氧化研究[D].上海:上海发电设备成套设计研究院,2013.
[32]张波，亓安芳,金用强，等.表面状态对TP347H钢蒸汽氧化速度的影响[J].动力工程学报,2012,32(11)；903-908.
[33]岳增武，李辛庚.喷丸处理提高奥氏体耐热钢抗氧化性能的研究及应用[J]材料热处理学报,2013,34(01):157-162.
[34]李辛庚，何家文.喷丸处理提高TP304H耐热钢锅炉管抗水蒸气氧化性能应用效果的观察[J].中国腐蚀与防护学报，2003 (03) ：4447.
[35]Schmidt D, Galetz M, Schiitze M. Improved Oxidation Resistance of Ferritic-Martensitic Steels in Water Vapour Containing Environments Via Diffusion Coatings [J]. Materials at High Temperatures,2012, 29 (3)：159-165.
[36]Chang Y-Y, Cheng W-J,Wang C-J. Growth and Surface Morphology of Hot-Dip Al-Si on 9Cr-1 Mo Steel [ J ]. Materials Characterization ( 2009,60 ( 2) ： 144-149.
[37]Agiiero A,Muelas R,Pastor A,et al. Long Exposure Steam Oxidation Testing and Mechanical Properties of Slurry Aluminide Coatings for Steam Turbine Components [J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2005 ,200 (5-6):1219-1224.
[38]包汉生，张伟,梁宝琦.等，超超临界机组锅炉管用耐热钢抗蒸汽氧化性能研究,世界金属导报[R],2017；8月29日，B03.