Hot Deformation Behavior of 4Cr5Mo2V Die-Casting Die Steel

Liu Jiazhou; Zhang Yongqiang; Chen Linlin; Di Yingnan; Chi Hongxiao; Zhou Jian; Yang Yinhui

doi:10.20057/j.1003-8620.N260101

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Hot Deformation Behavior of 4Cr5Mo2V Die-Casting Die Steel

Forming and Phase Transition | 更新时间：2026-10-13

- Hot Deformation Behavior of 4Cr5Mo2V Die-Casting Die Steel
- Special Steel Vol. 47, Issue 5, Pages: 96-105(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.昆明理工大学材料科学与工程学院，昆明 650093
  2.先进特殊钢全国重点实验室，北京 100081
  3.大冶特殊钢有限公司，黄石 435001
  4.广东小鹏汽车科技集团有限公司，广州 510530
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.20057/j.1003-8620.N260101
  CLC： TG316.1
- Received：30 June 2026，
  
  Revised：2026-08-09，
  
  Accepted：11 August 2026，
  
  Published：30 September 2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
刘嘉舟,张永强,陈琳琳等.4Cr5Mo2V压铸模具钢的热变形行为[J].特殊钢,2026,47(05):96-105.

Liu Jiazhou,Zhang Yongqiang,Chen Linlin,et al.Hot Deformation Behavior of 4Cr5Mo2V Die-Casting Die Steel[J].Special Steel,2026,47(05):96-105.
刘嘉舟,张永强,陈琳琳等.4Cr5Mo2V压铸模具钢的热变形行为[J].特殊钢,2026,47(05):96-105. DOI：10.20057/j.1003-8620.N260101.

Liu Jiazhou,Zhang Yongqiang,Chen Linlin,et al.Hot Deformation Behavior of 4Cr5Mo2V Die-Casting Die Steel[J].Special Steel,2026,47(05):96-105. DOI：10.20057/j.1003-8620.N260101.

摘要

通过在Gleeble 3800 热模拟试验机对特大型4Cr5Mo2V压铸模具钢进行热压缩实验，设置变形参数：变形温度为1 000~1 200 ℃，应变速率分别为0.01、0.1、1、10 s

-1

，变形量50%。结果表明：温度与应变速率对流变应力的影响显著，且流变应力随着温度升高而降低，随应变速率增大而升高。并基于双曲正弦修正的Arrhenius方程推导出特大型4Cr5Mo2V压铸模具钢的高温流变本构模型，并得到其热变形激活能Q=387.273 kJ/mol。进一步推导出应变补偿性本构方程以此来提高模型的精确度，最后得出预测值与实验值的线性相关系数R

=0.976，证明了应变补偿性本构方程具有较高的精度和可靠性。根据建立的热加工图得到最佳的热加工窗口为1 030~1 200 ℃、应变速率小于0.060 s⁻¹。结合显微组织分析得出低温高应变速率下组织呈链状未完全再结晶特征，动态再结晶是一个热激活过程，提高变形温度可获得均匀的等轴晶粒，但温度过高会导致晶粒粗化。研究结果为4Cr5Mo2V大型压铸模具锻造工艺的优化提供了理论依据。

Abstract

Hot compression experiments were conducted on a large-scale 4Cr5Mo2V die-casting die steel using a Gleeble 3800 thermal simulation testing machine. The deformation parameters were set as follows： deformation temperatures ranging from 1 000 ℃ to 1 200 ℃， the strain rates were 0.01 s⁻¹， 0.1 s⁻¹， 1 s⁻¹， 10 s⁻¹ respectively， and a reduction of 50%. The results show that both temperature and strain rate have significant effects on the flow stress； specifically， the flow stress decreases with increasing temperature and increases with increasing strain rate. A high-temperature flow constitutive model for the large-scale 4Cr5Mo2V die-casting die steel was derived based on the hyperbolic-sine modified Arrhenius equation， and the thermal deformation activation energy was determined to be 387.273 kJ/mol. A strain-compensated constitutive equation was further developed to enhance the model accuracy. The linear correlation coefficient （R²） between the predicted and experimental values was found to be 0.976， confirming that the strain-compensated constitutive equation possesses high precision and reliability. Based on the established processing maps， the optimal hot-working window was identified as 1 030 ℃–1 200 ℃ with strain rates below 0.060 s⁻¹. Microstructural analysis revealed that at low temperatures and high strain rates， the microstructure exhibits chain-like， incompletely recrystallized features. Dynamic recrystallization is a thermally activated process； increasing the deformation temperature promotes uniform equiaxed grains， but excessively high temperatures lead to grain coarsening. These findings provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the forging process of large 4Cr5Mo2V die-casting molds.

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