北京航空材料研究院股份有限公司,北京 100094
潘涛(1994—),男,博士,工程师;E-mail:pt_621@126.com
收稿:2026-07-26,
修回:2026-08-28,
录用:2026-09-08,
网络首发:2026-09-21,
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潘涛,张华霞,马秀萍等.冷坩埚悬浮熔炼制备K465高温合金的组织及力学性能[J].特殊钢,
Pan Tao,Zhang Huaxia,Ma Xiuping,et al.Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of K465 Superalloy Prepared by Cold Crucible Levitation Melting[J].Special Steel,
冷坩埚悬浮熔炼(CCLM)技术采用水冷铜坩埚而非耐火材质坩埚作为熔炼容器,可以有效解决高温熔体侵蚀坩埚的问题,适合于制备超高纯净度金属材料。本研究使用该工艺制备K465镍基铸造高温合金,当熔炼室真空度低于0.01 Pa时,通入高纯氩气开始熔炼,待金属原材料化清后精炼10 min。最终制备的K465高温合金主元素含量可以满足合金成分要求,并且成分均匀性较好。合金中杂质元素
w
[O]、
w
[N]均为0.000 3%,
w
[S]仅0.000 049%。铸态合金的微观组织主要为γ相、γ′相、(γ+γ′)共晶相以及富含Ti、W、Nb、Mo的块状或条状碳化物,这与真空感应熔炼制备的合金微观组织一致。合金的室温抗拉强度大于1 000 MPa、伸长率大于5%,合金在975 ℃、225 MPa条件下的高温持久寿命大于45 h。研究结果表明,冷坩埚悬浮熔炼技术可以制备出高纯净度的K465镍基铸造高温合金,具备优异的力学性能,为高温合金纯净化熔炼提供了新思路。
The cold crucible levitation melting (CCLM) technology uses a water-cooled copper crucible instead of a refractory crucible as the melting container, which can effectively solve the problem of corrosion of the crucible by the high temperature melt, and is suitable for the preparation of ultra-high purity metal materials. In this work, the K465 nickel-based cast superalloy is prepared by CCLM technology. When the vacuum level in the melting chamber is lower than 0.01 Pa, high-purity argon gas is introduced to start smelting. After the metal raw materials are completely melted, refining is performed for 10 minutes. The results of the chemical composition test indicate that the contents of the main elements in the alloy fully meet the standard compositional requirements and the compositional uniformity is excellent. The impurity contents of oxygen
w
[O] and nitrogen
w
[N] in the alloy are both controlled at 0.000 3%, while the sulfur
w
[S] content is as low as 0.000 049%. The microstructure of the as-cast alloy primarily consists of
γ matrix phase, γ ′ strengthening phase, (γ + γ ′) eutectic phase, as well as bulk and strip-shaped carbides enriched in titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), niobium (Nb), and molybdenum (Mo), which is consistent with the microstructural characteristics of the alloy prepared by vacuum induction melting (VIM). Mechanical property tests demonstrate that the K465 superalloy prepared by CCLM exhibits a room-temperature tensile strength exceeding 1 000 MPa and an elongation above 5%. Moreover, the high temperature rupture life of alloy achieves more than 45 h under the service condition of 975 ℃ and 225 MPa. The research results show that the cold crucible levitation melting technology can prepare high-purity K465 nickel-based cast superalloy, which has excellent mechanical properties. This study provides an innovative technical approach for the melting of ultra-high purity superalloys.
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