Abstract:  In order to explore the influence of different charge conditions on the process of AOD smelting stainless steel， taking 430 stainless steel smelting in 150 t AOD furnace as an example， based on the actual production process， a material and heat balance simulation system of AOD refining stainless steel process was constructed. Through simulation calculation， the furnace temperature change under different charge conditions and related technical and economic indexes are deeply compared and analyzed.The results show that the furnace temperature will be low by using the raw material condition of dephosphorized molten iron and solid ferrochromium， and a large amount of ferrosilicon alloy should be added in the early stage of reduction to meet the requirements of steel tapping. Under this process condition， the consumption of ferrosilicon and lime reached 39.3 kg/t and 97.7 kg/t respectively， the continuous addition time of high carbon ferrochromium was about 12 min， the feeding rate was 4 t/min， and the maximum oxygen supply intensity at this time was 400 m³·min^-1. By coordinating the relationship between oxygen supply and feeding rate， the temperature in the furnace was relatively stable； In the process of using dephosphorized molten iron + high chromium molten iron as furnace charge， the consumption of ferrosilicon and lime was 25.7 kg/t and 58.9 kg/t respectively. This process would generate heat surplus. By adding scrap steel as coolant to control the furnace temperature and meet the tapping temperature requirements， under this condition， the consumption of scrap steel per ton of steel was 169.1 kg， and the proportion of scrap steel added was 15.1%. The model calculation process can adjust and optimize the charge ratio according to the conditions of raw materials entering the furnace， which can provide theoretical and production guidance for AOD production of stainless steel.

Key words: 430 Stainless Steel, Metallurgical Processes, Mass Balance, Heat Balance, AOD Refining

摘要： 为探究不同炉料条件对AOD冶炼不锈钢过程的影响，以150 t AOD炉冶炼430不锈钢作为例，基于实际的生产流程，构建了AOD精炼不锈钢过程的物料和热量平衡模拟系统。通过模拟计算，对不同炉料条件下的炉温变化以及相关的技术经济指标进行了深入的比较和分析。研究结果表明，采用脱磷铁水+固态铬铁的入炉原料条件会造成炉温偏低，在还原前期需加入大量硅铁合金补热以满足出钢要求。该工艺条件下硅铁和石灰消耗量分别达到39.3、97.7 kg/t，高碳铬铁持续加入时间为12 min左右，加料速率为4 t/min，此时，最大供氧强度为400 m³/min。通过协调供氧量与加料速率之间的关系，以实现炉内温度的相对稳定；采用脱磷铁水+高铬铁水为入炉炉料条件下的工艺过程中，硅铁和石灰消耗量分别为25.7、58.9 kg/t，该工艺过程会产生热量富余，通过加入废钢作为冷却剂来控制炉温并满足出钢温度要求，该条件下吨钢废钢消耗量为169.1 kg，废钢加入量占比为15.1%。模型计算过程可以根据入炉原料条件调节并优化炉料配比，可为AOD生产不锈钢提供理论与生产指导。

关键词: 430不锈钢, 冶炼工艺, 物料平衡, 热量平衡, AOD精炼