最新刊期
卷 34 ， 期 5 ， 2013
- 摘要：According to the buckling defects of hot rolled U-section sheet pile ( steel SY390BZ /% : 0.23C, 1.60Mn, 0.44Si, 0.18V, 0.18Ti, 0.05Nb) formed during rolling process, the numerical-simulated calculation on finishing process of sheet pile has been carried out by using the dynamic-explicit-calculated method of finite element software ABAQUS and combined with experimental-measured parameters in lab. Based on simulation calculation, according to the distribution of node displacement vector on rolling plane, the rule of metal flow pattern of lateral and longitudinal section is analyzed. Simulation results show that there are zero displacement lines on work-piece section in pass reduction direction, it indicates there is a neutral flow plane for work piece metal flow in rolling force direction at flange and locker of U-section sheet pile work piece in rolling process, in company with fast flow of metal at locker flange and slow flow of metal at web of work piece thus to occur buckling phenomenon.关键词：U Section Steel Sheet Pile;Steel SY390BZ;Finishing Rolling;Metal Flow Behavior;Finite Element Analysis4|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：Three dimensional numerical simulation on steel works 200 mm x 1600 mm casting slab two-strand T- shape 23 t tundish 4 kinds of structure scheme-present baffle wall and dam, turbulence inhibitor and dam, turbulence inhibitor and present baffle, wall as well as new baffle has been carried out by using calculation fluid dynamics software FLUENT to study liquid flow characteristics of original tundish and with installed different flow control devices. Results show that in all design schemes the tundish with installed turbulence inhibitor and dam has best optimum effect; the volume fraction of dead zone in tundish decreases from 30. 18% to 16. 51% , the volume fraction ratio of piston flow zone and dead zone- Rvp/vdincreases from 55. 80% to 129.44% , the flow in tundish is stable to be available for inclusions in liquid floating up.关键词：T-Shape Tundish;Flow Control Device;Baffle Wall;Turbulence Inhibitor;Dam;Numerical Simulation;Structure Optimization4|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The tested H section steel Q235 (/% : 0.06C, 0.30Si, 1.60Mn, 0.010P, 0.003S, 0.025Mo, 0.40Ni, 0.017Ti, 0.15Cu) is produced by 80 t LD-LF-feeding silicon-calcium wire-28 t tundish-430 mm x 300 mm x 85 mm H section CC bloom-hot rolling process. Due to the longitudinal crack easily occurred on surface of H section steel bloom, based on real process parameters of through type double submerged nozzle for H section casting bloom, a mathematical model is established and the calculation of distribution of flow field and temperature field in mold is carried out by using fluid finite element simulation software CFD. It is obtained that with using through type double submerged nozzle the impact depth in pool is large that is unfavorable to inclusions floating off； and the liquid surface can't get enough heat supply led to bloom shell more earlier solidification and unfavorable to slag melting. The results of numerical simulation show that as casting by using modified three side nozzle, the unfavorable factors with using through nozzle are avoided, the distribution of flow field and temperature field is reasonable, and the possibility of bleeding trouble and occurrence of crack decreases.关键词：Steel Q235;H Section Steel Continuous Casting;Quality Defects;Numerical Simulation;Submerged Nozzle;Structure Optimization2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：According to 150 t ladle with double holes bottom argon blowing at steel works, based on similarity principle a water model with geometric ratio 1 ：5 is established to get the liquid surface bared area, change rule of steel-slag entrapment condition and critical slag entrapment blowing gas rate for prototype ladle and optimum ladle with corresponding to real argon blowing rate 260-600 L/min. Research results show that for prototype scheme- two gas permeable bricks distance from ladle center 0.64 R and 0.76 R, two holes angle 90° (0.64 R +0.76 R, 90° ) the critical slag entrapment blowing gas rate is 550 L/min； for two optimum schemes-two holes distance from ladle center 1/3 R and 0.64 R, two holes angle 180° (1/3 R +0.64 R, 180°) and two holes distance from ladle center 0.5 R with angle 135° (0.5 R +0.5 R, 135°) , the critical slag entrapment blowing gas rate is respectively 550 L/min and 600 L/min.关键词：150 t Ladle;Bottom Argon Blowing;Water Simulation;Slag Entrapment;Bared Area5|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：Based on the measured value of ingot surface temperature in ingot stripping at situ, with using ProCAST software the calculation model for filling and solidifying process of 3 t ingot (body height 1675 mm, hot top inclined angle 65. 3° , height of liquid surface in hot top 290 mm) of steel SCM822H (/% ： 0.20C, 0.80Mn, 0.25Si, 0.013P, 0.006S, 1.14Cr, 0.39Mo, 0.01V, 0.036Al, 0.0002B) has been established. With calculation by the model the relation between hot top inclined angle, ingot body height-width ratio and body cut-off volume ratio caused by shrinkage cavity is gotten to get the optimized ingot parameters i. e. body height-width ratio 1846/630 and hot top inclined angle 90°. According to optimized ingot mould parameters the simulation results show that with using the new ingot mould the ingot body cut-off volume ratio decreases from original 13. 5% to 0, it is available to ensure all the shrinkage cavity is in the hot top.关键词：Steel SCM822H;3 t Ingot;Shrinkage Cavity;Filling and Solidifying Process;ProCAST Software;Numerical Simulation2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：Main technology parameters of four developed process: cast bloom higher temperature heating-double cold rolling or single cold rolling, lower temperature heating-double cold rolling or single rolling process for production of common grain oriented silicon steel (CGO) and high magnetic induction grain oriented silicon steel (Hi-B) , theory research on grain oriented steel ( Goss nucleus and inhibitor) and present situation of process are summarized in this paper. The development trend of grain oriented silicon steel is increasing (110) [001 ] grain oriented degree, decreasing iron loss of grain oriented silicon steel, developing cast bloom lower temperature heating ( ≤1300 ℃) and thin slab concasting and continuous rolling flow sheet to produce grain oriented silicon steel.关键词：Grain Oriented Silicon Steel;Casting Bloom Heating;Inhibitor;Secondary Recrystallization;Development Trend2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：With using 50 t EAF-LF(VD)-CC-slow cooling pross, controlling EAF end [C] 0.12%-0.25% and end [P]≤ 0.015%, pre-deoxidizing and alloying in tapping, using CaO-Al2O3free fluorine pre-melting refining slag, and integrate casting control technology including 19 t tundish with liquid depth ≥ 800 mm, casting speed 0.35-0.45 m/min, liquid overheating extend 15-25 T , optimum secondary cooling schedule and F-EMS parameter (350 A/8 Hz) etc. for steel 4130 (/% ： 0.29-0.31C, 0.25-0.28Si, 0.51-0.54Mn, 0.96-0.98Cr, 0.19-0.20Mo,0.016-0.025A1) Φ350 mm casting round bloom the [O] and [N] are respectively (12-16) x 10-6and (55-70) X 10-6the rating of macrostructure ≤ 1.0, and in forged bar the rating of nonmetallic inclusion A and B ≤ 1.0, C and D ≤ 0.5 , the rating of ultrasonic detection, dimension tolerance and surface quality of forgings all meet the requirement of user.关键词：50 t EAF-LF (VD) -CC Flow Sheet;Steel 4130;Round Bloom;Production Practice2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：According to the test research on structure and texture of head, meddle and end of 35W300 high grade 0.35 mm cold rolled non-oriented electrical steel strip coil (/% : 0.002C, 2.71Si, 0.22Mn, 0.015P, 0.003S, 0.0020N, 0.55Als) and corresponding magnetic properties, It is found that due to 12 MPa high pressure water continuous cooling the roller in hot rolling process led to head, middle and tail of strip rolling at different temperature and after coiling the head of strip coil being in center of coil led to its temperature slightly higher and cooling speed lower than that of tail of coil, as a result the longitudinal structure and texture of coil are different and the magnetic induction gradually increases and iron loss gradually decreases in 250 m at head and tail, more than 250 m to middle of coil the magnetic properties are stable. With modifying the hot roller continuous cooling model to cycle cooling model and modifying the laminar cooling model after coiling to starting cooling after coiling 70 m and stopping cooling ahead 70 m of finishing coiling, the difference of iron loss of longitudinal coil obviously decreases and the difference of magnetic induction slightly improves.关键词：Cold Rolled Non-Oriented Electrical Steel;Hot Roller Cooling;Structure;Texture;Strip Goil Longitudinal Magnetic Properties2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：Effect of ladle lining, tundish coating and covering agent on carbon pickup of liquid of ultra-low carbon steel MA ( ≤ 0.005% C) during 180 t RH refining end to 45 t tundish casting process has been studied by statistic data. Results show that for first heat of continuous-continuous casting heats, the carbon pickup of liquid is higher i. e. 5 x 10-6~ 10 X 10-6for rest heats that is ≤ 3 X 10-6. With slow adding covering agent for first heat to control fluctuation of liquid level, adding Al2O3in lining to decrease etching of slag line of ladle, and reducing free carbon content in ladle lining, tundish coating and covering agent, the recarburization in liquid during RH refining end to rundish casting process shall be ≤ 3 × 10-6。*关键词：Ultra-low Carbon Steel;RH;Tundish Covering Agent;Coating;Ladle Lining2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
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Production Practice and Analysis on Two-Step and Three-Step Process for Stainless Steels Steelmaking
摘要：The production efficiency and cost for stainless steel steelmaking by HM DEP-KOBMS-VOD three-step process ( hot metal desiliconizing and dephosphorizing pretreatment-KOBMS converter decarburizing and alloying-vacuum oxygen decarburization) and EAF/BOF-AOD two-step process (300 series stainless steel parent melt steelmaking in arc furnace/dephosphorizing in converter for 400 series stainless steel-argon oxygen decarburizing and alloying) are analyzed. The three-step process has advantage to produce chromium steel and ultra-low carbon and nitrogen stainless steel including high productivity, low argon consumption and low P, Cu and Pb deleterious elements, while the (EAF-AOD) two-step process is favourable to produce 304, 316L etc chromium and nickel stainless steels, it is available to using pig iron bearing nickel and stainless steel scrap, and has low production cost and high efficiency. The grades and production practice for stainless steels melting by three-step and two-step process at Taigang are presented in this paper.关键词：Two-Step Process;Three-Step Process;Stainless Steel Steelmaking;Analysis of Process;Production Practice2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21 - 摘要：The production flow sheet for titanium-containing low carbon steel (/% : 0.05-0.10C, 0.70-0.95Si, 1.45-1.65Mn, ≤0.025P, ≤0.025S, 0.10-0.20Ti) is BF hot metal-35 t LD-LF-150 mm x 150 mm casting process. For titanium-containing low carbon steel deoxidizing by minor aluminium due to higher A12O3content in LF refining slag (/% : 55 ~59CaO, 21.9-26.5SiO29.4-14.3A12O3) , during LF process the aluminium content in liquid increases and the 20 t tundish nozzle blocking easily occurs to effect casting smooth-going. Based on thermodynamics calculation, the steelmaking process is optimum including in BOF tapping non-adding manganese-aluminium iron and using low aluminium silicon iron to replace common silicon iron, non-adding high alumina in refining slag and optimizing refining slag ingredient (/% ： 56.1-65.6CaO, 19.3-27.2SiO25.1-9.1 Al2O3) , the Al content in liquid decreases from original 0.007%-0.018% to 0.001%-0.009% , it is available to decrease the occurrence of nozzle blocking. The continuous-continuous casting heats increase from original 3 ~6 heats to 9-16 Heats.关键词：Titanium-Containing Low Carbon Steel;LF Refining Slag;Aluminium Raising in Liquid;Nozzle Blocking3|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：As adding 60 ~ 80 kg high alumina slag powder (/% : 45.40A1, 41.30A12O34.65SiO21.17C, 0.12P, 0.33S) and 971-1535 kg calcium based mixed desulphurizer [/% ：80.19CaO, 6.20CaF20.030(S + P)] in 120 t hot metal pot with 0. 030% ~0. 070% initial S content to carry out KR stirring desulphurizing pretreatment for 8 min, the end S content in hot metal is 0. 001%-0.005% . With this process the cost of desulphurizer makes up more than 70% of the total cost of desulphurization. In order to reduce production cost, the LF collected dust (/% ： 4.2-8.8SiO226-45CaO, 7-15MgO, 4-6TFe. 20-40CaC210-20A12O30.03-0.10P) is used to replace part of mixed desulphurizer. With adding 60-80 kg high alumina slag powder and 783-1365 kg calcium based mixed desulphurizer + 190 kg LF collected dust in 120 t pot with 0.030%-0.070% initial S content in hot metal to carry out KR stirring desulphurizing pretreatment for 8 min, the hot metal end S content is also 0.001%-0.005% to get better economic effect.关键词：LF Collected Dust;Hot Metal;KR Stirring Desulphurization;Process Practice2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：According to calculation, for SP etc. low carbon steels the adding scrap ratio to control converter liquid end temperature is no less than 16% , but present scrap supply for 120 t converter is only up to 13% , led to liquid end temperature higher to effect lining life. According to analysis, the end temperature of liquid in converter is adjusted and controlled by adding limestore (/% : ≥53.0CaO, ≤1.2SiO2≤0.40S, ≤0.008P). The production practice with 54 heats show that as adding 500-1000 kg limestone with liquid temperature 1 660-1669 Y , liquid average temperature dropped by 3.6-8.0 ℃ , 1670-1679 °C , dropped by 4.9-10.8 P , and m 1680 ℃ , dropped by 9.0-20.0 ℃ ； by adding limestone the average liquid dephosphorizing ratio is 83% , it is basically about equal to the dephosphorizing ratio (87% ) by adding iron ore.关键词：Top and Bottom combined Blowing Converter;Scrap;Limestone;Control of End Temperature;Practice of Process2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The production flow sheet for pipeline steel X70 is KR metal pre-desulphuration-180 t BOF-LF-RH-slab CC process. With optimization of refining slag ingredient and slagging operation, and based on effect of bottom gas blowing rate (400-700 L/min) on end [S] , the LF deep desulphurization process has been schemed. Pilot production results show that by controlling refining slag ingredient (/% ) 45-55CaO, 30-40Al2O3≤10SiO2≤10Mgo, ≤1.5(TFe + MnO) , with the technology measures including during slagging the lime being added in two separate batch (first in tapping, second at beginning of LF refining) or being added in multi-batch, during LF refining according to slag condition adjusting ingredient of slag, and bottom gas blowing rate 500-700 L/min during LF desulphurization period, the sulphur content in liquid- [S] could be decreased to lower than 10 x 10-6in 40 min to meet the requirement of quick deep desulphurization for pipeline steel.关键词：180 t LF Refining;Pipeline Steel X70;Deep Desulphurization;Bottom Gas Blowing Rate;Process Optimization2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：Quality requirement for 350 km/h high-speed rail steel is total oxygen content in steel- T[O] ≤20 x 10-6and B, C and D series inclusions rating ≤1.0. In domestic heavy rail steel steelmaking process, it is normally to using non-aluminium deoxidation process, i. e. intensifying deoxidation by using SiCaBa alloy to form low melting point Mn-Al-Si- Ba-Ca multicomponent oxide inclusions which all remove from liquid during refining process. The behavior of inclusions in rail steel U71MnG steelmaking by hot metal desulphurization pretreatment-150 t top and bottom combined blowing convert- er-LF-VD-280 mm x 380 mm CC flow sheet is studied, including the ingredient and characteristics of oxide inclusions in rail steel steelmaking by non-aluminium deoxidation process, the effect of converter end [C] on oxygen activity of liquid and the effect of basicity of LF refining slag and soft argon stirring process in later period of VD process on inclusions and oxygen content in steel. It is obtained that the ≤20 μm oxide inclusions in head of rail is seconadry deoxidation products during refining process, with controlling converter end [C] ＞0.15% , controlling basicity of refining slag- (CaO)/(SiO2) =2.5-3 and S (FeO + MnO) ≤1.0% , it is available to decrease the quantity and size o£ oxides in rail steel.关键词：150 t BOF-LF-VD-CC Flow Sheet;High-Speed Rail Steel;Non-Aluminium Deoxidation;Inclusions2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The production flow sheet for heavy bloom of steel Q345E (/% : 0.14-0.17C, 0.20-0.30Si, 1.28-1.38Mn, ≤0.011P, ≤0.005S, 0.015-0.030A1, 0.032-0.045V) is 65 t LD-LF-VD-Φ600 mm round bloom CC process. With the measures including using sliding plate to stop slag in tapping , and adding pre-melted synthetic slag (/% : 40-50CaO, ≤9SiO230-40Al2O33-7MgO, 8-10A1), steel-clad aluminium, deoxidizer and alloys, controlling casting speed 0.22 m/min, overheating extent of liquid (25 ± 5)℃ and constant liquid level 900 mm in 32 t tundish, whole process shield casting and electromagnetic stirring, the Φ600 mm casting round bloom of steel Q345E for flange is pilot-produced. The production results show that there is no visible surface defect such as scab and bulging, the rating of center line shrinkage is 0.5, the center porosity 1.0 and the carbon segregation ≤1.09, and the impact energy of steel at -50 ℃ is more than 100 J, all meet the requirement.关键词：HSLA Steel Q345E;65 t LD-LF-VD-CC Flow Sheet;Φ600 mm Cast Round Bioom;Steel for Flange;Production Practice4|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The manual welding on 7 mm plate of ultra-fine-grained steel SS400 (/% : 0.18C, 0.04Si, 0.43Mn, 0.022Al, 0.002Ca) has been carried out by using J442 (/% : ≤0.12C, 0.3-0.6Mn) , J506 (/% :≤0.12C, 1.6Mn) and J507 (/% : ≤0.12C, ≤1.25Mn) welding rod with heat input 6-14 kJ/cm, and the structure and microhardness of welded joint are observed and measured by optical microscope and microhardness tester. Results show that with increasing alloy element content in welding rod, the amount of acicular ferrite in welded zone increases； as heat input ≤10 kJ/cm, the change of size of coarse grain in heat affected zone is minor, and as heat input is larger than 10 kJ/cm, the size of coarse grain in heat affected zone increases obviously ； the microhardness of welded joint with different welding process is all higher than the microhardness of base metal, there is no soften zone in welded joint.关键词：Ultra-fine-grained Steel;SS400;Welded Joint;Heat Input;Structure;Hardness2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The steelmaking process for test hot working die steel H13 (/% : 0.36-0.38C, 0.36-0.38Mn, 0.89-0.91Si, 0.007-0.010P, 0.006-0.011S, 5.10-5.15Cr, 1.12-1.18Mo, 0.84-0.89V) is 40 t eccentric bottom tapping arc furnace-ladle furnace refining-VD treatment-4. 65 t ingot casting process. With analysis on total oxygen and nitrogen content in liquid- T [O] and [ N] , and analysis on morphology and ingredient of inclusions in steel, the cleanliness of steel H13 produced by this process flow sheet has been studied. Results show that after refining by LF-VD process the average total oxygen content in steel H13- T[O] is 22 x 10-6and the average nitrogen- [N] is 95 x 10-6the main inclusions in Φ200 mm forging are deoxidation products- aluminium oxide with sulHdes including manganese sulfide and nitride formed by segregation ； the sizes of inclusions are mainly about 5 μm, the sizes of some inclusions can come up to about 10 μm. The steel H13 steelmaking by this flow sheet could meet the requirement for cleanliness of that steel grade.关键词：40 t EBT EAF-LF-VD-Ingot Casting Flow Sheet;Hot Working Die Steel H13;Cleanliness;Analysis2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The 3 kinds of non-oriented silicon steel (/% : 0.004-0.006C, 1.31-1.38Si, 0.34-0.41Mn, 0.004S, 0.027P, 0.36-0.41Als, 0.0022-0.0028 T[O], 0.0048-0.0060N) - non containing Ca and B, containing Ca (0.0026% Ca) , and containing Ca-B (0.0027% Ca and 0.0045% B) is melted by a 6.5 kg vacuum induction furnace ,forged to 70 mm flat blank, hot-rolled to 2.5 mm plate, normalized at 950 °C and cold-rolled to 0.5 mm sheet then in 30% H2+ 70% N2atmosphere annealed at 920 for 3 min, furnace cooling. Test results show that with adding calcium treatment the CaO • 6A12O3and CaS form in the non-oriented silicon steel it is available to inhibit the deposition of MnS precipitate and favourable to promote the grain growth ； in annealed cold-rolled sheet of non-oriented silicon steel containing Ca and B, the BN has not been found； the annealed cold-rolled sheet of steel containing 0.0026%Ca has strongest{100}face texture and Goss texture； while that of steel containing 0.0027% Ca and 0.0045% B has weakest {112}<110>texture. In three heats of test steels, the comprehensive magnetic property of the steel containing 0.002 6% Ca is best i. e. its iron loss P1.5/50and magnetic induction B50are respectively 4.32 W/kg and 1.764 T.关键词：Ca;B;无取向硅钢;晶粒尺寸;织构;磁性能2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The production flow sheet for test steel is 2 t medium frequency induction furnace-200 kg ESR (Φ180 mm) -annealing-upset forging to Φ325 mm-spheroidal annealing-quenching at 1050 ℃-tempering at 590 ℃，furnace cooling. The effect of 0 - 0.001 0% Mg on structure and mechanical properties of hot-working-die steel H13 (/% : 0.40-0.41C, 0.98-1.01Si, 0.29Mn, 4.95-5.08Cr, 1.21-1.22Mo, 0.91-0.93V, 0.023-0.027P, 0.006-0.007S) has been tested and studied. Results show that with increasing Mg content in steel from 0 to 0. 0010% , the average tensile strength and HRC value of test die steel H13 increases respectively from 1617.6 MPa and 45.7 to 1702.9 MPa and 47.8 ； Mg is available to increase the stability of tempered martensite in steel, in high temperature tempered die steel H13 containing Mg, a lot of tempering troostite occurs in structure and partial globular carbides with size less than 10 μm precipitate around Mg-Al inclusions, it is favourable to improvement of performance of steel.关键词：Mg;Hot-Working Die Steel H13;Structure;Tensile Strength;Hardness2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
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