Abstract: The behaviors of interelectrode arc during vacuum arc remelting of high-temperature alloy and special stainless steel were investigated in this paper， and the influence factors such as electrode size， external quality， and gas element content on arc stability were analyzed. The results showed that large deviation of electrode diameter significantly affected the calculation of rod base speed， resulting in abnormal adjustment of arc gap， short circuits， and deviation of droplet frequency. The electrode taper should be controlled to be ≤0.5%. Cracks and shrinkage cavities defect on the electrode interfered with arc stability control， especially radial cracks leading to severe instability of droplets and remelting rates. Gas overflow was significant with high nitrogen in base material， which caused arc deviation， fluctuations in droplet and atmosphere pressure. Therefore， it is advisable to control w［N］≤0.003% during electrode preparation. There were obvious differences in equipment among different furnaces， and appropriate PID parameters should be explored.

Key words:  , VAR； Arc Behavior； Stability； Consumable Electrode

摘要： 通过研究真空自耗重熔高温合金和特种不锈钢过程中极间电弧的行为变化，分析了电极尺寸、外部质量、气体含量等因素对电弧与熔炼稳定性的影响。结果表明，电极直径偏差较大时，明显影响料杆移动速度计算，从而异常地调节电弧间隙，出现短路、熔滴频率偏离等工况，应控制其锥度≤0.5%；电极上的裂纹和缩孔缺陷干扰电弧稳定控制，尤其横裂纹导致熔滴和熔速严重失稳；母材氮含量较高时气体溢出显著，会引起电弧偏移，熔滴、气氛压力波动。因此，电极制备时控制w［N］≤0.003%为宜；不同炉台存在明显设备差异性，应针对性探索合适的PID控制参数。

关键词: VAR, 电弧行为, 稳定性, 自耗电极