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Volume 47 期 4，2026 2026年第47卷第4期

  • Product Research and Development

    Su Ruiping, Ding Yi, Gong Zhihua

    Vol. 47, Issue 4, Pages: 1-9(2026) DOI: 10.20057/j.1003-8620.N260013
    摘要：Numerical simulation was carried out on the vacuum arc remelting （VAR） process of CrNiMoAlTi series precipitation-hardening stainless steel using the Meltflow-VAR software. The effects of different melting rates， helium pressures， and feeding processes on the molten pool morphology and the formation tendency of ingot black spot defects during the VAR process were calculated， and statistical analysis of inclusions was also performed. The results show that with the increase of melting rate， the molten pool morphology transforms from a shallow and flat "U" shape to a deeper "V" shape， and the mushy zone also expands with the rising melting rate. When the melting rate is 5.0 kg/min， the formation tendency of black spots in the core region is minimized， which is conducive to the floating of inclusions. The heat transfer efficiency of the helium layer increases with the increase of helium pressure. At a helium pressure of 300 Pa， the depth-diameter ratio of the molten pool reaches the minimum value， which is beneficial to heat transfer， reduces the risk of element segregation， and significantly improves the formation tendency of ingot black spots. The optimal setting of melting rate reduction rate in the feeding stage is 0.03 kg/min， which can increase the cooling rate of the feeding end and improve the formation tendency of ingot black spots. After the VAR process， the total number of TiN inclusions in the center of the ingot is less than that in the edge region of the ingot， and the total number of inclusions in the head of the ingot is more than that in the tail of the ingot. No inclusions larger than 25 μm are found in any part of the ingot， and the rating of various inclusions is ≤ 0.5.  
    关键词：Precipitation-hardening Stainless Steel;Vacuum Arc Remelting;Numerical Simulation;Black Spot Defect;Inclusion   
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    更新时间：2026-07-14

  • Product Research and Development

    Nie Zhishui, Yang Minchao, Zhang Fuxiang, Liu Ying, Chen Liangyong, Li Ning

    Vol. 47, Issue 4, Pages: 10-17(2026) DOI: 10.20057/j.1003-8620.N260014
    摘要：To address the fracture of ϕ5.5 mm high-strength welding wire steel ER55-D2-Ti rods during drawing caused by excessively high tensile strength， a systematic synergistic optimization of residual element control， steel cleanliness improvement， and controlled rolling and controlled cooling processes was conducted under full scrap electric arc furnace conditions. By establishing a precise scrap charging model and optimizing refining and RH vacuum degassing processes， the contents of Sn， As， and Sb were controlle withind 0.035%， 0.004 0%， and 0.002 0%， respectively. Meanwhile， the oxygen content in molten steel was decreased to below 15 ppm， and the type A inclusion level was controlled below 0.5. In addition，by adjusting the on-line cooling intensity，the laying temperature was narrowed to 800 ℃–815 ℃， and the cooling rate was reduced， thereby prolonging the ferrite phase transformation process. After the synergistic process optimization， the microstructure of the welding wire steel transformed into a dual-phase structure consisting of ferrite and granular bainite， with the ferrite volume fraction increasing from approximately 10% to about 40% and a pronounced grain refinement. The average tensile strength of the wire rod decreased by 115 MPa， while the strength variation within the same coil was reduced from 93 MPa to below 50 MPa. Consequently， the drawing performance of welding wire steel rods was improved ，wire breakage during drawing was significantly alleviated， and the welding spatter rate decreased from 4.78% to 1.33%. The results demonstrate that the coordinated regulation of chemical composition， steel cleanliness， and thermo-mechanical processing effectively enables the synergistic optimization of microstructure and mechanical properties of high-strength welding wire steel， providing an efficient technical pathway for stable production and quality improvement under full scrap electric arc furnace conditions.  
    关键词：High-strength Welding Wire Steel;Residual Elements;Controlled Rolling and Controlled Cooling;Laying Temperature;Tensile Strength;Strength Uniformity;Drawing Performance   
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    更新时间：2026-07-14

  • Product Research and Development

    Cui Guibo, Hou Jianwei, Zuo Jinzhong, Liu Jinqing, Zou Jianxun, Dai Chang

    Vol. 47, Issue 4, Pages: 18-22(2026) DOI: 10.20057/j.1003-8620.N250557
    摘要：Based on the first domestically developed industrial-scale online salt bath isothermal heat treatment equipment， a high-performance QM1020 non-quenched-and-tempered fastener steel wire rod has been successfully developed through systematic composition optimization design， clean steel smelting technology， and collaborative innovation in controlled rolling processes. Leveraging the unique advantages of precise temperature control in the salt bath equipment， the production process involves the wire rod entering the online salt bath isothermal heat treatment unit at a designed salt temperature after hot laying. This is combined with coordinated cooling via the Stelmor air cooling line to achieve precise regulation of the phase transformation microstructure，ensure a predominantly bainitic microstructure.For the first production of ϕ7 mm QM1020 salt bath-treated wire rods， after undergoing online salt bath isothermal heat treatment at 420 ℃， the comprehensive properties significantly surpassed those of wire rods produced using conventional Stelmor processes. The average tensile strength reached 775 MPa， with an average reduction of area of 76%， demonstrating excellent plasticity and toughness. The wire rods exhibited no cracking during 1/6 cold heading tests.Furthermore， After drawing with a 29% reduction in cross-sectional area， the steel wires retained high tensile strength and good cold workability. The wires can be directly cold-headed into flanged bolts， which fully meet the mechanical property requirements of Grade 8.8 high-strength fasteners.  
    关键词：Non-quenched and Tempered Fastener Steel;Bainite;Online Salt Bath;Mechanical Properties   
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    更新时间：2026-07-14

  • Smelting and Solidification

    Feng Yuanchao, Zhai Minli, Zhai Jinghan, Jia Haocheng, Piao Yudie, Yang Jie, Kong Lingzhong

    Vol. 47, Issue 4, Pages: 23-33(2026) DOI: 10.20057/j.1003-8620.N260034
    摘要：To investigate the effect of aluminum ash addition on the corrosion of MgO refractories in CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO refining slag， the chemical corrosion behavior of MgO refractories in molten slag and the infiltration behavior of molten slag into refractories were studied under laboratory conditions. The composition evolution of refining slags with different aluminum ash contents after reaction with MgO refractories was determined， and the corrosion mechanism of MgO refractories was systematically analyzed using characterization techniques such as XRD and SEM‑EDS. The results demonstrate that with the increase of aluminum ash content in the refining slag， the interfacial chemical reaction between the slag and MgO refractories becomes more intense， leading to more severe chemical corrosion and physical penetration of the refractories. At the initial stage of the reaction， with the addition of 10% aluminum ash， the reaction between the refining slag and MgO refractories preferentially generates a large amount of Ca3Al2O6 phase and MgO·Al2O3 spinel. With further addition of aluminum ash， low‑melting phases including Ca2Al2SiO7 and CaMgSiO4 are gradually formed， which promote the penetration of liquid slag into the interior of the refractories， increase the solid‑liquid reaction area， and consequently aggravate the corrosion of the refractories. Furthermore， as the aluminum ash content increases， the viscosity of the slag decreases from 0.229 Pa·s to 0.187 Pa·s， while the diffusion coefficient of Mg²⁺ in the slag increases from 3.01×10-8 cm2/s to 3.06×10-8 cm2/s， which also enhances the corrosion of MgO refractories by molten slag.  
    关键词：Aluminum Ash;Refining Slag;MgO Refractory Material;Viscosity;Diffusion Coefficient   
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    更新时间：2026-07-14
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