最新刊期
卷 35 ， 期 1 ， 2014
- 摘要：Based on similarity principle, a water model with geometrical-similar ratio 1:7 is established to study circulation flow behavior of liquid in 145 t RH vacuum refining unit. The effect of lifting gas flowrate (60 〜140 m3/h), inserting depth of snorkel (400 ~ 600 mm) and liquid height in vacuum chamber (426 ~526 mm) on circulation flow rate and mixing time of liquid is researched. Results show that with increasing lifting gas flow-rate the circulation flow rate increases in approximate linear relation while the mixing time of liquid decreases in non-linear relation； the more ideal circulation flow rate of liquid is occurred with inserting depth of snorkel 500 mm and liquid height in vacuum chamber 526 mm ； with 130 m3/h lifting gas flow-rate, 600 mm inserting depth of snorkel and 526 mm liquid height in vacuum chamber the optimum liquid circulation flow characteristics are obtained.2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：Based on prototype of 150 t ladle, the effect of diameter of immersed cylinder inserting in ladle (50 ~ 130 mm), inserting depth (30 ~ 150 mm) and bottom blowing gas rate (0. 03 -0.48 m3/h) on mixing time of liquid and amplitude of liquid level has been studied by using geometry similarity ratio 1 ： 7 water model. Results show that with increasing immersed cylinder diameter and inserting depth, the amplitude of liquid level decreases; with increasing bottom gas blowing rate the amplitude of liquid level raises ； in condition without inserting immersed cylinder the critical gas blowing rate for non-occurring slag entrapment is 0. 09 m3/h and mixing time is 10 s; in condition of inserting immersed cylinder with diameter 130 mm and inserting depth 90 mm, the critical gas blowing rate for non-occurring slag entrapment is 0. 30 m3/h and shortest mixing time is 4 s. It is obtained by test data regression analysis that for 150 t ladle the relation between liquid mixing time U with bottom gas blowing rate Q'immersed cylinder diameter d' and inserting depth is t'=2.69 +0.017 9 d'+ 0.011 2 h'—0.425 Q'.关键词：150 t钢包;底吹搅拌;浸渍圆筒;液面振幅;混匀时间2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：Based on the research prototype of an 18t tundish for three-strand unsymmetrical casting 250 mm X 280 mm bloom at Xining Special Steel, the effect of 3 kinds of flow control device on flow field of liquid in tundish is studied by using geometric similarity ratio 1： 2. 2 water model to get optimum new type baffle. Results show that the difference of average residence time and minimum residence time between tundish three strand nozzles in prototype tundish is bigger, it is unfavorable to uniformly control each strand casting； with using the optimum new U-type baffle, dead volume fraction of liquid in tundish decreases by 36. 6% and the standard deviation of average residence time of three nozzle decreases, it is favorable to uniformly control each strand casting.2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：According to the prototype 100 t ladle in steel works and based on similarity theory, a 1：4 water model is established to study the effect of double nozzle bottom blowing position (0. 54 ~0. 72 R), angle (45° ~ 180°) and bottom blowing rate (0. 04 〜0.55 m3/h) on mixing time and steel-slag interface and get optimum bottom blowing parameters. Results show that the optimum position of gas permeable brick is bottom nozzle distance from ladle bottom center 0. 63 R with angle 180° ； the maximum bottom blowing gas rate is 0. 37 m3/h (corresponding prototype 18. 0 m3/h), the soft blowing rate should be less than 0. 12 m3/h (prototype less than 6. 0 m3/h) and the suggested soft blowing gas rate is no more than 0. 04 m3/h (prototype no more than 2. 0 m3/h).关键词：100t钢包;底吹氩;混匀时间;物理模拟;巻渣2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The removing process of inclusions by bubble wake in steel has been studied by using water model and high-speed video recorder and the rule of inclusions removing through bubble wake and the effect of bubble size and inclusion size and concentration on inclusions removing by bubble wake are analyzed. Results show that the bubble wake is favourable to promote the inclusions floating off； there are boundary zone and rising zone in bubble wake； the removing process of inclusions has three sub-processes ： (1 ) inclusions approaching and entering into the boundary zone to produce disturbance, (2) entering into the bubble wake rising zone and (3) inclusions going on rising up or escaping from bubble wake rising zone to float off ； with increasing bubble diameter Dband particle concentration Cpare available to remove inclusions in steel by bubble wake ； the smaller the particle diameter Dpthe easier the inclusions to be remove by bubble wake.2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：A heat transfer model for steel 37Mn5 Φ210 mm round bloom casting is established by software ANSYS to study the effect of casting speed 1. 3 ~ 1. 5 m/min, liquid overheating extent 15° ~ 60° and secondary cooling water rate 0. 58 ~ 0. 78 L/kg during casting bloom heat transfer process on casting bloom surface temperature, bloom solidified shell thickness and solidification end position. Results show that controlling stable lower casting speed, low liquid overheating extent and weaker secondary cooling water rate are available to avoid the formation of crack of steel 37Mn5 Φ210 mm bloom and improve the metallurgy quality of bloom.关键词：Φ210 mm圆坯连铸;37Mn5钢;传热模型;拉速;钢水过热度;二冷比水量;裂纹;冶金质量2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The cause and preventing measures for nozzle clogging during steelmaking process of ultra-low-carbon aluminium-killed steel such as XGM6 steel (/%: 0. 012C, ≤0. 012Si, ≤0. 08Mn, ≤0. 015P, ≤0.010S) produced by hot metal pre-desulphurization process-80 t top and bottom combined blown converter-LF-RH-280 mm x325 mm bloom concasting flow sheet have been studied. With using the process measures including controlling converter end [ O] ≤600 x 10-6LF top slag- high alumina slag + carbide, deoxidizing by adding aluminium shot after RH-OB decarburisation, controlling RH end [O] 20 x 10-6~30 x 10-6RH end [Al]s≤ 0. 009%, tundish liquid superheating extent 25 ~40 °C and [Al]s≤0. 004%, the nozzle clogging of liquid of ultra-low-carbon aluminium-killed steel has basically been avoided, continuous- continuous casting heats increase from less than 2 heats to more than 8 heats.关键词：超低碳铝镇静钢;水口堵塞, 防止措施;[O];[Al]s2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The pilot production flow sheet for 300 mm x 300 mm bloom of steel EA1N (/%: 0. 32 ~0. 38C, 0. 15 ~0. 35Si, 0. 80 ~ 1. 10Mn, ≤0. 015P, ≤0.010S) for axle is 60 t EAF-LF-VD-8.4 t ingot casting-1 000 mm blooming mill breakdown process. With the process measures including EAF hot charging ≥70% pre-treating hot metal, EAF controlling end [ P] ≤008P and [C]≥O.10%, 10% heel liquid in tapping, refining with high basicity slag ( CaO)/( SiO2) =4 ~ 7 and feeding Al wire to control [Al] s 0. 020% ~0. 040%, after VD process feeding 0. 5 kg/t Si-Ca wire and argon shielding ingot casting, the cleanliness of produced steel EA1N is [ O] ≤15 x 10-6[H] ≤1. 0 x 10-6[N] ≤80 x 10-6P ≤0. 015%, S ≤0. 005%, and inclusion rating of A, B, C and D series ≤1. 0； the technical indexes of bloom and axle of steel EA1N all meet specification requirement for axle of high-power electric locomotive.2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The simulation test on removing inclusions in original tundish and optimum tundish established an additional retaining wall has been carried out by using a geometric similarity 1: 3 water model, and based on waler-simulated test results, the structure of 40 t tundish is optimized and the pilot production of high carbon steel 82A and 72A is carried out. Results show that with optimum tundish established an additional retaining wall, the stagnation time and actual retained time are prolonged, the piston area ratio increases, and the dead zone ratio reduces ； with optimum tundish structure the effect of inclusion removal improves significantly, the inclusion number in Φ5. 5 mm coil of high carbon steel produced with optimum tundish established an additional retaining wall decreases from original 2. 06 ~ 2. 52 inclusion /mm2to 0. 20 ~ 1.06 inclusion/mm2the size of maximum inclusion decreases from original (9. 87 ~ 13. 37) μm x (6. 29 ~ 9. 44)μm to (4. 01 ~ 8. 33 )μm x (3.41 ~ 7. 62 )μm； the number and size of large inclusions in casting billet also decrease correspondingly.关键词：40 t T型6流中间包,&挡墙,&高碳钢, 夹杂物4|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：With the process measures including increasing temperature of liquid in BOF tapping ( steel Q235A/Q35B 1 660 ~ 1 670 °C , steel Q345A/Q345B 1 665 ~ 1 675℃ ,end [C]≥O. 06% , end [P]≤0.025% ) , intensifying ladle turnover administration, reducing down slag amount, adding modifier or desulphurizing agent for slagging and desulphurization in advance and accurately calculating alloys addition during tapping, and controlling ladle bottom argon blowing rate to protect reoxidation of liquid and slag entrapment, the average power on time for refining steel Q235B and steel Q345B in 150 t LF decreases respectively from 8. 10 min and 9. 39 min to 2. 60 min and 3. 13 min, the average electric power consumption reduces respectively from 17. 33 kWh/t and 20. 09 kWh/t to 5. 55 kWh/t and 6. 69 kWh/t, and the average LF refining time decreases respectively from 40 min and 42 min to 20. 1 min and 22. 4 min, all refining indexes are all meet the requirement with getting better economic performance.8|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The effect of acid-soluble aluminium Als content in steel on morphology, ingredient, number and melting point of inclusions in silicon killed steel has been studied by 500 g MoSi2electric resistance furnace melting trial, and the micro-observation on residue of nozzle clogging at situ of KR metal pretreatment-BOF-Ar blowing-LF-CC process is carried out to explore the mechanism of nozzle clogging by inclusions and propose a reasonable control range of Als content in silicon killed steel. Results show that with increasing Als content in steel the melting point of inclusions in silicon killed steel increases and the number of inclusions decreases ； the observation on residue in nozzle gets that the high melting point inclusions are embedded in low melting point inclusions, it is indicated the solid inclusions in high Als steel are accumulated and adhered at nozzle by molten inclusions which are coherent agent； the subskin blowhole shall not occurred and nozzle is not easily clogging as Als content in liquid is controlled in 0.003 0% ~0. 007 5%.关键词：硅镇静钢;Als含量;夹杂物特性;水口结瘤;皮下气孔2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The effect of structure of electroslag remelting (ESR) mold, cooling intensity t voltage, current and slow- cooling method on internal cracks of 200 kg ESR ingot of Fe-Cr-Al alloy (/%: 0. 024C, 0. 26Si, 0. 17Mn, 20.1Cr, 5. 3Al, 0. 05RE) has been studied by pilot-scale production. Results show that with the measures including modifying original mold bottom water box to indirect water-cooling unit, increasing inlet water rate, decreasing voltage and current respectively from original 5 400 A and 55 V to 5 000 A and 50 V to lower bath temperature, and using expanding perlite shielding material for holding and soaking, the macrostructure of ESR ingot is compact and uniform, and there are no internal cracks.关键词：铁铬铝合金;电渣重熔;内裂纹;工艺措施2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The pilot production flow sheet for developed weathering steel S355J2W (/% : 0.06 ~ 0. 10C, 0.20 ~ 0.40Si, 1.00-1. 30Mn, ≤0.008S, ≤0.020P, 0.25 〜0.40Cu, 0.30 ~ 0. 55Cr, 0.10 〜0. 30Ni, 0. 020 ~ 0. 040Nb, 0. 020 ~ 0. 050Alt) is hot metal-120 t top and bottom combined blown converter-LF-250 mm x2 000 mm slab CC-≤16 mm plate rolling process. With using the process measures including controlling converter end [ C] ≤0.05% and [P] ≤0. 015%, in refining ( FeO) + ( MnO)≤1. 5%, ( SiO2) ≤15%, refining slag basicity ≥3. 0, [Al]s≥0.025% and feeding calcium wire according to Ca/Al = 0. 06 〜0. 12, in casting using special-purpose mold shielding flux for weathering steel [main ingredient/%: 34.0CaO, 28.0SiO24.6Al2O3≤6 ( Li2O+ B2O3)], controlling breakdown temperature 1 010 ~ 1 060℃, the aluminium content in ≤16 mm finished plate of weathering steel is 0. 025% ~0. 035%, the average oxygen content in steel is 21 x 10-6and the average nitrogen content in steel is 31 x 10-6the size of nonmetallic inclusions in steel normally ≤14μm, and each metallurgy quality index meets the requirement of standard.关键词：耐候钢S355J2W;120 t BOF-LF-板坯CC流程;研发;工艺实践2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The effect of deformation (10% ~50%) and temperature (850 ~ 1 000 ℃) on pearlite, ferrite size and ratio in hot rolled Φ190 mm product of steel 27SiMn (/% ： 0. 27C, 1. 20Si, 1. 25Mn, 0. 015Mo, 0. 021 Ti) for coal machine has been studied by using Gleeble-1500 thermal simulator. Results show that with increasing deformation and temperature the size of grains in steel decreases and the homogenization of grain size increases ； as the steel deforms at 950 °C with deformation 30%, the grain size of pearlite in steel is 18 ~42μm, the average size is 28 μm and the pearlite accounts to 54% of the total structure in steel 27SiMn.2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The simulation test on controlling rolling and cooling process for Φ28 mm round billet of cold heading steel 10B21 (/% : 0. 20C, 0. 20Si, 0. 85Mn, 0. 014P, 0.005S, 0. 001 8B) to be going to finishing rolling has been carried out by using Gleeble-1500 thermal simulation machine to study the effect of finishing rolling temperature- 850 ~ 1 000 °C with deformation rate 20 s-1and reduction- 65% , loop-laying temperature 820 〜940 ℃ and cooling rate in phase transformation range- 0. 2 〜1.0 °C/s on structure of steel. Results show that with increasing loop-laying temperature and cooling rate in phase transformation range the volume fraction of ferrite in steel increases obviously and with increasing cooling rate in phase transformation range the banded structure of steel is improved availably. In order to get higher ferrite volume fraction, coarser ferrite grain and more homogeneous structure to increase the cold heading performance, the optimum controlling rolling and cooling process parameters are finishing temperature- 950°C, loop-laying temperature- 910°C and cooling rate in phase transformation range- 1. 0 °C/s.2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：Test steel is melted by a 50 kg vacuum induction furnace, forged to 60 mm slab, homogenized at 1 250 ℃ then hot-rolled to 4 mm plate and cold rolled to 1 mm sheet. The effect of austempering temperature (350 ~ 450 °C) and holding time (1 ~ 10 min) on structure and mechanical properties of 820℃ 3 min quenched test TRIP steel cold-rolled sheet has been studied. Results show that the effect of process of austempering on mechanical properties of test steel is obvious； the optimum austempering process is 820℃ 3 min +400℃ 5 min, water cooling, the tensile strength and total elongation are respectively 766 MPa and 37%, i. e. the strength-plasticity product is 28. 34 GPa , % ； a lot of Nb (CN) particles precipitation with 10 nanometer size is main factor to increase the strength of test steel.关键词：Ti-Nb微合金化;TRIP钢;冷轧板;等温淬火;组织;力学性能2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The dynamic (deforming 50% at 950 °C with deformation rate 5 s-1cooling to ambient) and static (nondeforming, 880 °C, cooling to ambient) continuous cooling transformation (CCT) curves with cooling rate 0. 5 ~20 °C/s of non-quenching-and-tempering steel C38N2 (/%: 0. 38C,0. 55Si, 1.42Mn,0. 011P,0. 047S,0. 03Nb,0. 015Ti,0. 022Al, 0. 020N) have been tested and studied with using Gleeble-1500 thermal simulation machine by thermal expansion dilation method and metallographic examination. Results show that for non-deforming steel, with cooling rate 0. 5 °C/s, the structure of non-quenching-and-tempering steel C38N2 is ferrite-pearlite, as cooling rate is 3. 0 °C/s its structure is bainite + ferrite-pearlite, with cooling rate >3. 0 ~ 11 °C/s the steel has bainite + martensite structure and with 15 ^C/s the structure of steel is martensite； as cooling rate ≤11℃/s, all the phase transformation initial temperature of dynamic CCT is larger than that of static CCT.2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The bake hardening values ( BH) of ULC-BH steel 1 mm annealed cold rolled sheet (/%： 0. 002C, 0. 008Si, 0. 60Mn, 0. 043P, 0. 009S, 0. 031 Al, 0.017Ti) with prestraining by 2% ~ 10% and baking al 170 °C for 20 min have been measured, and the effect of Cottrell atmosphere on bake hardening property of ULC-BH sleet is studied by internal friction test getting internal friction spectrum curves at different strain ageing and using X-ray diffraction technique measuring dislocation density. Results show that with increasing prestrain the BH value of ULC-BH steel increases ； and with increasing prestrain the Snoek peak gradually reduces while SKK peak gradually raise； with prestraining by 2%, 6% and 10% the dislocation density increases, and that respectively are 3. 9 x 1010/cm28. 4 x 1010/cm2and 6. 8 x 1011/cm2while corresponding Cottrell atmosphere density gradually decreases.2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The thermal-fatigue behavior with 800 cycles of ambient-1 000℃ for 1. 5 mm cold-rolled sheet of 409,429 and 441 super ferrite stainless steels produced by pre-treaded metal-90 t K OBM S-VOD-LF-slab CC flow sheet for auto exhaust pipeline has been studied. Results show that the thermal-fatigue (crack length with 800 cycles- 1. 2mm) of steel 429 (/%: 0. 009C, 0. 86Si, 15. 3Cr, 0.47Nb) and steel 441 (/%: 0. 008C, 0.45Si, 17. 9Cr, 0. 39Nb, 0. 18Ti) is better than the thermal-fatigue (crack length with 800 cycles- 2. 0 mm) of steel 409 (/% : 0. 007C, 0. 40Si, 11. 2Cr, 0. 14Nb, 0.10Ti) ； during reversing ambient-1 000 °C heating-cooling process, the Fe atoms in weak region of steel are first oxidized to form oxides and peel off from base metal, led to form crack, and the formed Fe2SiO4• Cr2O3oxide films near crack prevent crack further developing.2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：A test for the effect of stress-relieving annealing with unit stress 20 MPa and annealing speed 8. 0 ~ 15. 0 m/min at 250 ~400 Y on mechanical properties of 0. 12 mm strip cold-rolled from 1. 2 mm hot-rolled plate of stainless steel SUS301 (/% : 0. 13C, 0. 35Si, 1.63Mn, 0. 033P, 0. 002S, 16. 54Cr, 6. 27Ni, 0. 051N) has been carried out by continuous stress-relieving annealing furnace. Results show that before stress-relieving treatment the HV value, tensile, yield strength and elongation of 0. 12 mm cold-rolled strip of steel 301 are respectively 498,1 623 MPa, 1 498 MPa and 6.9% ； with raising annealing temperature, the strength and hardness of cold-rolled sheet of steel 301 increase while the elongation of steel decreases； at definite temperature with increasing annealing rate, the elongation of cold-rolled sheet of steel increases. As annealing at 400 °C with 8. 0 ~ 12. 5 m/min, owing to formation of martensite phase and dislocation migration the hardness HV value of cold-rolled sheet is up to N 525, and the tensile and yield strength are respectively 1 771.7 ~ 1790.0 MPa and 1 566.7 〜1 623. 3 MPa.2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
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