最新刊期
卷 35 ， 期 5 ， 2014
- 摘要：The influence of oxygen pressure (11.46 x 105Pa and 6. 88 x 105Pa) and oxygen lance level ( 1.2-1.5 m) on jet characteristics and impact of liquid surface of 100 t top-blown oxygen converter at steel words is studied by using Fluent fluid software and standard k-e turbulence model. Results show that with increasing oxygen pressure the high speed region of oxygen in converter enlarges, the length of jet key area increases and the pressure energy of jet enhances ; with oxygen pressure 11.46 x 105Pa, as oxygen lance level is raised from 1.2 m to 1.5 m, the max impact speed of oxygen flow at liquid surface decreases from 240 m/s to 194 m/s and the high speed region reduces, the depth of liquid cavity decreases from 0.37-0.43 m to 0.30-0.36 m while the max diameter of liquid cavity enlarges from 0.70-0.80 m to 0.80-0.95 m.关键词：100 t Top-Blown Oxygen Converter;Oxygen Lance;Jet Characteristics;Numerical Simulation;Lance Level;Oxygen Pressure;Liquid Cavity2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The influence of floatation velocity ( Stokes velocity, 0.1-0.5 m/s) on separation and removal of 50-200 μm inclusions is studied by established, a moving model of inclusions at steel-slag interface and in liquid metal and slag layer continuous zone near the interface. Study results show that with increasing floatation velocity, there is no obvious influence on removal time of less than 50 μm inclusions at steel-slag interface, but the separation and removal time of 50 μm to 150 μm inclusions increases while the separation time of ≥150 μm inclusions reduces, as for instance, for 150 μm inclusions ,with the floatation velocity increasing from Stokes velocity to 0.5 m/s, the inclusions separation time reduces from 260 x 10-5s to 6 x 10-5s.关键词：Floatation Velocity;Steel-Slag Interface;Size of Inclusions;Removal5|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：With established argon bottom blown ladle three dimensional non-stable three-phase flow math model, Fluent software and Simple calculation method the shield slag flow characteristics during ladle refining process in bottom argon blown are studied and the effect of gas flow rate 200-3500 L/min of nozzle with diameter 0.1 m on slag eye size and slag layer flow behavior is analyzed. Results show that with increasing gas flow rate the slag eye enlarges and as argon flow rate is 400-2000 L/min the slag eye size and distribution of flow field in ladle are reasonable and available to refine； with increasing thickness of slag layer the slag eye range decreases but as the thickness of slag layer is more than 200 mm, the effect of thickness of slag layer on slag eye size is not obvious.关键词：100 t Bottom Blown Ladle;Argon Flow Rate;Slag Eye Size;Flow Characteristics of Shield Slag;Numerical Simulation2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：According to the prototype of a 100 t ladle at steelworks and based on geometric similarity principle, a water model with model and prototype ratio 1:3.5 is established. The effect of different blowing position of single nozzle and double nozzles corresponding real gas blowing rate 31 L/min to 237 L/min on conditions of slag entrapment has been tested. It is found that the critical slag entrapment blowing gas rate for the original blowing position ( about distance from ladle center 0.45R) single nozzle, position distance from center of ladle 0.6R single nozzle, original blowing position ( about 0.45R) double nozzles and position distance from center of ladle 0.6R double nozzles gas blowing is respectively 113, 93, 31 and 82 L/min, therefore during real refining process it is available to using single nozzle blowing for soft gas blowing and to using double nozzles blowing for alloying stage. By regression analysis the relation formula between diameter of single nozzle blowing exposed areaand bottom gas blowing rate Q/(L·min-1) is D =43.333Q +47.5, as 0.6 ＜ Q ＜ 4.6.关键词：100 t Ladle;Bottom Blowing;Gas Blowing Position;Slag Entrapment;Water Model;Exposed Area4|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The effect of four kinds of baffle structure- U type baffle with guide flow hole angle 30°, and V type baffle respective with guide flow hole angle 20°, 25° and 30° on liquid flow characteristics of liquid in a 46 t T type tundish for casting double strands Φ800 mm round bloom are respectively studied by numerical simulation with fluid dynamic software FLUENT and with geometric similarity ratio 1:3 water model, and the distribution of temperature of liquid in tundish is calculated by stable simulation. Results show that both simulated results have better consistence; the flow characteristic of liquid in tundish using V type baffle with guide flow hole angle 20° is best, i. e. the temperature difference of flow at outlet of tundish is only 4.0 K, whole liquid max temperature difference is 14.2 K, longest residence time is 803.1 s and dead zone volume fraction is minimum- 0.09, it is available to move inclusions in liquid and enhance cleanliness of steel.关键词：46 t T type Tundish;Structure of Baffle;Numerical Simulation;Physical Simulation4|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The effect of both method- microwave heating and conventional muffle furnace heating at 900 ~ 1200 ℃ for 0 ~60 min on high-carbon ferrochrome powder (/% : 55.79Cr, 32.76Fe, 8.16C, 2.34Si) decarburizing by solid decarburizer calcium carbonate (96.04% CaCO3) has been studied. Results show that in test conditions the effectiveness of solid phase decarburization of high-carbon ferrochrome powder with microwave heating is more obvious than that with conventional heating and the oxidization of materials is serious as heating by conventional method. With microwave heating mixture at 1100 °C for 60 min the decarburization percentage of high-carbon ferrochrome powder is 79.04% to get better deearburization effectiveness and avoid excessive oxidation of materials.关键词：Microwave Heating;High-Carbon Ferrochrome Powder;Solid Phase Decarburization Effectiveness;Oxidation2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
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Numerical Simulation on Consumable-Electrode Vacuum Melting Process for 14Cr-13Co-5Mo-2Ni Gear Steel
摘要：A three-dimensional mathematical model for consumable-electrode vacuum melting process of 14Cr-13Co- 5Mo-2Ni gear steei (/% ： 0.014C, 0.26Si, 0.17Mn, 13.79Cr, 12.69Co, 4.66Mo, 2.00Ni, 0.53Al) diameter 290 mm, 9 t ingot has been established to study the effect of cooling water pressure, electric current and smelting rate on distribution of solidified structure and grain size of consumable-electrode vacuum melting ingot. Research results show that as the cooling water pressure increases from 6000 MPa to 8000 MPa, the current and smelting rate respectively decrease from 6.2500 kA and 1.250 kg/s to 6.228 6 kA and 1.125 kg/s, the equiaxed zone in melted ingot increases nearly by one fold, amount of grain increases by 45.17% , average grain size decreases by 17% and max spacing between secondary dendritic arms decreases by 4.88% , basically to achieve the object of grain fining and uniform distribution of alloying elements in steel.关键词：14Cr-13Co-5Mo-2Ni Gear Steel;Consumable-Electrode Vacuum Melting;Process Parameters;Numerical Simulation2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21 - 摘要：A mathematic model for solidification process of 35 t polygonal ingot of 40CrNiMo steel (/% ： 0.37-0.44C, 0.17-0.34Si, 0.50-0.80Mn, ≤0.035P, ≤0.035S, 0. 60-0.90Cr, 1.25-1.65Ni, 0.15-0.25Mo) has been established by using three-dimensional software Procast to simulate the ingot temperature field and steel shrinkage rate during pouring (for 1313 s) and mold-filling solidification (for 73942 s) process. Results show that the simulation-calculated complete solidification time of ingot-20.5 h is basically the same as measured solidification time of ingot in situ-22 h； the shrink rate of steel is ≤2.5% , the cast ingot has no secondary pipe and only has light porosity.关键词：40CrNiMo Steel;35 t Polygonal Ingot;Solidification Process;Numerical Simulation3|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The production flow sheet for oil casing tube steel (/% ： 0.26-0.29C, 0.25-0.35Si, 0.40-0.50Mn, ≤0.009P, ≤0.004S, 0.95-1.05Cr, 0.09-0.11V, 0.02-0.04Al, 0.015-0.020Ti, ≤0.0060N) is hot metal pretreatment-120 t BOF-argon blowing-LF-CaSi wire feeding-RH-Alloying-CaSi wire feeding-soft argon blowing-Φ200 mm round bloom casting process. By commercial test as the N content in produced round casting bloom is 67 x 10-6and by thermodynamic analysis as the N content in steel is more than 50 x 10-6the more than 2 μm TiN inclusions easily form in casting bloom. With controlling BOF end [N] ≤ 30 X 10-6LF end [S] ≤ 25 X 10-6[O] ≤ 25 X 10-6and [N] ≤ 35 X 10-6after alloying RH end [N] ≤ 35 x 10-6and [H] ≤ 1.5 x 10-6stably feeding CaSi wire speed 300-400 m/min and controlling tundish [N] ≤ 40 x 10-6and strict casting-shielding process, the N content in casting bloom shall be ≤ 50 X 10-6the amount of TiN inclusions in steel decreases markedly and there are not larger size TiN inclusions to be found in steel.关键词：120 t BOF-LF-RH-CC;Oil Casing Tube Steel;TiN;Thermodynamic Calculation;Nitrogen Content2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：With analysis on the mechanism of early stages slag making by limestone and calculation of heat balance in converter, it is obtained that as controlling limestone consumption 6.0 t/heat, the hot metal consumption must increase by 2.1 t/heat and the scrap consumption shall decrease by 2.5 t/heat, it may insure that the end temperature by limestone steelmaking process is the same by lime steelmaking process. Pilot production results show that with limestone slag making technology the converter steelmaking end basicity (3.3) , end temperature (1662 °C ) , end [C] (0.081%), end [P] (0.016% ) and end percentage of hits (90% ) showing no difference from that with conventional lime slag making technology. But with limestone slag making technology the cost of converter stock decreases by 10. 4 yuan /t steel to get better economic and social benefit.关键词：100 t Top-Blown Oxygen Converter;Limestone;Slag Making;End Control;Cost5|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The Φ5.5 mm rod coil of steel 9Crl8 (/% ： 0.95C, 0.35Si, 0.37Mn, 0.032P, 0.002S, 17.42Cr,0.01Mo) is produced by 50t EAF-AOD- LF- VD- 150 mm x 150 mm billet concasting- high speed rod rolling process. With using the process measures including controlling [S] ≤ 0.008% , adding 0.05% RE elements, concasting billet high-temperature diffusion treating at 1160 ℃ and Φ5.5 mm rod coil products spheroidizing annealing at 860 ℃, the examination results show that of rod coil the rating o£ center and general porosity, and segregation are all ≤ 1.0, the rating of non-uniformity of eutectic carbide is 1.0-2.0, the spheroidizing annealing structure of rod is spheroidal pearlite + massive carbide, the rod has nice cold-drawing performance with tensile strength 750-780 MPa and elongation 20%-26%.关键词：Stainless Steel 9Cr18;150 mm x 150 mm Concasting Billet;Carbide;High Temperature Diffusion Treatment;Φ5.5 mm Rod Coil6|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The production flow sheet for 5. 5 mm wire rod of high alloying corrosion resistant steel G7624 ( /% : ≤ 0.08C, ≤ 0.75Si, 11.5~13.5Mn, ≤ 0.045P, ≤ 0.010S, 13.0-14.0Cr, 0.5-1.0Ni, 1.5-2.0Cu, 0.160-0.210N) is 45 t dephosphorized metal-(50 t EAF)-60 t AOD-LF-150 mm x 150 mm billet concasting-grinding-rolling process. With using BHCD-200M low melting point and low viscosity shielding powder, decreasing mold cooling water rate from 1750-1850 L/min to 1600-1700 L/min, adjusting secondary cooling zone with single row water nozzles to double rows small cone angle and parallel water nozzles, and decreasing water rate from 0.25 L/t to 0.22 L/1, the surface depression defect of concasting billet is eliminated； with adjusting C, Mn, N content in steel respectively from 0.064% , 11.56% and 0.195% to 0.073% , 12.45% and 0.170% to increase the stability of austenite in steel, the scab defect of wire rod is also eliminated.关键词：High Alloy Corrosion Resistant Steel G7624;Concasting Billet;Depression;Φ5.5 mm Rolling Products;Scab;Process Practice2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：Effect of the initial cladding ratio 5.40%-15.53% with 0.45C steel, NM360 abrasion-resistant steel, 310S and 316 stainless steel 5.1-15.2 mm initial cladding plate and Q345 carbon steel 82.7-90.0 mm initial base plate and the total reduction 35%-75% on cladding ratio of clad steel plate hot-rolled at 1150-1000 ℃ has been tested and studied by using two-high reversing mill. Results show that as the resistance to deformation of cladding plate (316 and 310S steel) is larger than that of base plate ( Q345 steel) , with increasing reduction the cladding ratio of plate increases, and the larger the initial cladding ratio, the increasing cladding ratio of hot-rolled plate more obvious; as the resistance to deformation of cladding plate (0.45C steel and NM360 steel) is smaller than that of base plate ( Q345 steel) , with increasing reduction the hot-rolled plate cladding ratio decreases ; the relation between change rate Y of synthetic relative reduction of cladding ratio and strength difference Sdis Y = (-0.12 ±0.17) + (0.068 ± 0.004) Sd.关键词：Q345;0.45C steel;NM360;310S;316;Hot-Rolling;Clad Plate;Reduction;Cladding Ratio3|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The static and dynamic continuous cooling transformation (CCT) curves, structure (11% martensite + 89% feiTite) and mechanical properties (tensile strength 682 MPa) of developed low silicon and Nb-Ti Microalloying dual phase steel (/% : 0.082C, 0.15Si, 1.20Mn, 0.010P, 0.002S, 0.020Nb, 0.015Ti, 0.045Al, 0.0035N) have been tested and studied by melting in a vacuum induction furnace, casting 50 kg ingot, forging to 40 mm x 150 mm slab and hot rolling to 10 mm plate and thermal simulation testing. And 3.5 mm low silicon dual phase steel plate (/% : 0.075C, 0.15Si, 1.16Mn, 0.012P, 0.003S, 0.016Nb, 0.015Ti, 0.033Al, 0.0043N) has been pilot-produced by hot metal desulphurization-260 t BOF-LF-RH-230 mm x 1300 mm slab concasting-hot rolling process. Results show that with finished rolling 810 °C , water cooling to 700 ℃, air cooling for 4.5 s and coiling at 150 °C , the structure of steel is 15% +85% ferrite with gain size rating 12-12.5, the tensile strength of steel is 672-692 MPa with yield-ultimate strength ratio 0. 65 ~0. 67, and the yield of steel is 24.0%-28.5% . The steel plate has nice stamping performance and the bending fatigue life of manufactured wheel rib of car is 15 x 104.关键词：600 MPa Low Silicon and Nb-Ti Microalloying Dual Phase Steel;3.5 mm Plate;Development2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The Φ80 mm rolled product of high quality gear steel 20MnCr5H-l for car (/% ： 0.17-0.22C, ≤ 0.12Si, 1.0~1.5Mn, ≤ 0.035P, 0.015-0.035S, 0.8-1.3Cr, ≤ 0.0020O, 0.015-0.045A1) has been developed by 40 t EAF- LF- VD- 3.7 t ingot casting-rolling process. With the process measures including controlling EAF end [P] W 0. 015% , LF refining slag basicity ≥ 2.5 and adjusting content of elements in steel, VD treating and feeding sulphur wire, the analysis of 5 heats steel 20MnCr5H-l is (/%：) 0.16-0.20C, 0.05-0.12Si, 1.20-1.30Mn, 0.009-0. 025P, 0.020-0.035S, 1.00-1.10Cr, 0.0008-0.0015O , 0.015-0.040Al, hardenability band width △HRC 4, and each index all meets the requirement.关键词：Gear Steel 20MnCr5H-1;40 t-EAF-LF-VD-3.7 t Ingot Casting Process;Hardenability Band;Oxygen Content4|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：Based on double sub-lattice model, a compound thermodynamic model of (NbxTi1-x) (CyN1-y) is established ,and the mol fraction, atom site ratio and precipitation sequence of each ingredient in precipitated phase of Nb-Ti microalloying ultra-low carbon steel (/% ：0.02C, 0.12Si, 1.70Mn, 0.012P, 0.004S, 0.101Nb, 0.009Ti, 0.010Als) at 1023-1623 K have been calculated. The effect of precipitates on hot ductility of 230 mm casting slab of steel is studied and the established thermodynamic model is verified with test by using Gleeble thermal simulator, transmission electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer. Results show that at 1523 K the solute mol fraction of Nb and Ti in steel are respectively 5.4 x 10-4and 3.87 x 10-5with temperature decreasing to 1023 K the solute content of Nb and Ti tends to zero. With decreasing temperature the Ti and N atom site ratio gradually decreases while the Nb and C atom site ratio gradually increases, the sequence of evolution of precipitates is Nb0.315Ti0.685C0.02N0.98(NbxTi1-x) (CyN1-y) , Nb0.85Ti0.15C0.71N0.29the calculated values are coordinate with experimental results. With precipitates size less than 60nm and number of particles more than 5 per/μm2the hot ductility o£ casting slab decreases obviously； at 1241 K the tensile strength of steel is 63.8 MPa to easily form cracks； meanwhile it is found at fracture of Gleeble specimen that Al, Si, Mn, Nb and Ti concentrate at grain boundaries, and the caves caused by carbo-nitride lead to formation of cracks at action of stress. Therefore during casting process the straightening temperature of casting slab should be ≥ 1241 K.关键词：Nb-Ti微合金化超低碳钢;析出物;热力学模型;铸坯;热塑性8|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The hot compression test on steel 30NiCrMoV12 for high speed train axles (/% : 0.26C, 0.33Si, 0.62Mn, 3.01 Ni, 0.82Cr, 0.56Mo, 0.10V) with strain rate 0.01-10 s-1at 850-1150 ℃ has been carried out by using Gleeble-3500 thermal simulation machine with specimen cutting from 0250 mm forges. The austenite deformation behavior and rule of recrystallization of steel for axles during hot deformation process are studied to define the hot deformation equation of steel for axles and establish its hot working map with true strain s 0.5 and 0. 9. Results show that at definite strain rate, the higher temperature and the heavier deformation, the more beneficial to occurrence of dynamic recrystallization of steel; with raising temperature and decreasing strain rate, the efficiency of energy dissipation η gradually increases ； and with true strain 0.5 and strain rate 0. 01 s-1at 1100℃the efficiency of energy dissipation is up to max value- 0.41. At 1000-1150 ℃ with strain rate 0.01 〜10 s-1the steel for axles has better forgeability.关键词：High Speed Train Axles;Steel 30NiCrMoV12;Hot Deformation Activation Energy;Hot Working Diagram;Forgeability2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The carbide phase in grain and at grain boundary, microstructure and mechanical properties of heat resistant steel 5Cr21Mn9Ni4Nb2WN of status forged, status solution-treated at 1200 °C for 120 min water cooled, + at 1030 °C for 20 ~ 240 min water cooled, and status solution-treated again at 1220 °C for 20 -240 min water cooled have been studied by scanning electron microscope ( SEM) , transmission electron microscope (TEM) , electron diffraction analysis ( EDA) and energy dispersive X-ray diffraction analysis (EDAX) etc techniques. Results show that with solid-solution-treated at 1030 °C , not only the granular (CN)6precipitates in grain and at grain boundary of steel 5Cr21Mn9Ni4Nb2WN, but also as a addition of carbon resource the M(CN) degenerates into (CN)6the ambient impact energy of steel markedly decreases but the change of yield strength of steel is minor； with again solid-solution-treated at 1220 °C the reverse precipitation reaction from M23(CN)6to M(CN) occurs once more, and the higher ambient energy impact of steel shows again.关键词：Heat Resistant Steel 5Ci21Mn9Ni4Nb2WN;Reversible Precipitation Reaction;Solid-Solution Treatment;M (CN );M23(CN)6;Mechanical Properties2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The test steel 00Cr13Ni7Co5Mo4W (/% ： 0.007C, 13.23Cr, 7.02Ni, 5.06Co, 3.72Mo, 0.96W) is melted by a 50 kg vacuum induction furnace, cast to 10 kg ingot, forged to 55 mm x 55 mm billet and rolled to 3 mm x 60 mm strip. The precipitating behavior of the steel is analyzed by thermodynamic calculation software Thermo-Calc, and the structure, mechanical properties and corrosion performance of the steel are studied by optical, transmission electron microscope and potentiodynamic polarization method. Results show that R phase is main strengthening phase in the maraging stainless steel during aging process ； in order to get fine, dispersed R phase and better combination of strength-toughness of steel, the optimum heat treated process is defined that is solid-solution treating at 1100 ℃ + aging at 490 ℃ , and the tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of the steel are respectively 1450 MPa, 1320 MPa and 10.8% ； the breakdown potential and the annual corrosion rate in artificial sea water of maraging stainless steel 00Cr13Ni7CoMo4W are respectively 230 mV and 1.51 μm/a, it has better corrosion resistance.关键词：Maraging Stainless Steel 00Cr13Ni7Co5Mo4W;R Strengthening Phase;Thermodynamic Calculation;Mechanical Property;Polarization Curve2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
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