最新刊期
卷 36 ， 期 6 ， 2015
- 摘要：Based on geometry similar principle, the effect of shell angle (15° and 8°) of 24 t tundish for single strand slab casting on liquid flow condition has been studied by established 1:2 water model, and the water simulation results is verified by numerical simulation. Results show that the shell angle of prototype tundish (15°) is too big, of that the rate of dead zone volume in casting area is 33. 9% , the average residence time is short and the distribution of liquid temperature is uneven； and with using optimized shell angle of tundish ( 8°) the rate of dead zone volume in casting area reduces by 56. 3% , the average residence time increases by 33. 5% and the distribution of liquid temperature is more even. 10 heats commercial pilot production results show that after optimization with shell angle 8° the liquid temperature vibration extent decreases obviously and the occurrence frequency of inclusions in steel markedly reduces.关键词：中间包外壳倾角;钢水温度;夹杂物数量;水模拟;数值模拟;应用2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：With using Factsage thermodynamic calculation and test in laboratory, the effect of basicity (R)2.5 -5.4, Al2O3(14%-30% ) and MgO (3%-15% ) content on mineralogical phases precipitation in CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-MgO quaternary refining slag for bearing steel GCr15 has been studied. Results show that at 1 600 °C , with basicity of slag increasing from 2.4 to 5.4, the amount of precipitation of silicate mineral in slag decreases from 56% to 30% , the total precipitation amount of three kinds of minerals of Ca3Al2O6、Ca3MgAl4O10andCaAl2O3increases from 28. 0% to 58. 2% ； with increasing Al2O3content in slag from 14% to 30% (R4. 4, 7% MgO),, the precipitated metal oxide solid solution amount decreases from 26% to 3. 5% , silicate minerals decrease form 42% to 33% , while the precipitated amount of three kinds of minerals of Ca3Al2O6、Ca3MgAl4O10and CaAl2O3increases from 32. 2% to 63.2% ； and with increasing MgO content in slag from 5% to 15% (R4.4, 26% Al2O3) , the change of precipitated amount of silicate minerals, Ca3Al2O6、Ca3MgAl4O10and CaAl2O4is not obvious. With basicity of slag 4-5, 4. 5%-5. 5% MgO and 24%-27% Al2O3the quaternary slag has suitable viscosity and melting temperature , and has better fluidity and ability to absorb inclusions in liquid. The thermodynamic simulation results are consistent with the results of mineralogical phases ingredient defined by hot status remelting experiment.关键词：GCr15轴承钢;精炼渣;矿相;热力学模拟7|2|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：According to 30 t VOD production data with the conditions of beginning [ C ]0. 50%-0. 60% and [Si] 0. 12% -0. 20% , beginning liquid temperature 1 640 -1 650 °C , and argon and nitrogen pressure respectively being 0. 8 x 106- 1.0 x 106Pa and 1.5 x 106- 1. 5 x 106Pa, the nitrogen content in stainless steels (0. 04% - 0. 06% N) at VOD beginning, decarburized by oxygen blown and after reduction and degassing by bottom blowing argon process and bottom blowing nitrogen process have been compared. Results show that after VOD bottom blowing argon refining the nitrogen content in Cr13 type and Cr17 type stainless liquid is respectively 260 x 10-6and 300 x 10-6its nitrogen alloying effect is obvious, and in normal atmosphere with nitrogen stirring the average increasing rate of nitrogen in Cr13 type and Cr17 type stainless steel liquid ,is respectively 40 x 10-6/min and 45 x 10-6/min, and with increasing liquid temperature the increasing rate of nitrogen in liquid increases, and with decreasing oxygen content in VOD refining stainless steel liquid the nitrogen alloying effect by bottom blowing nitrogen could be increased.关键词：VOD精炼;不锈钢;氩气;氮气;合金化3|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The production flowsheet of ER70S-G welding wire steel containing titanium (/% : 0. 07 C, 0. 82Si, 1. 49Mn, 0. 012P, 0. 010S, 0. 19Ti, 0.0062N) is 80 t top and bottom combined blown converter-LF-150 mm x 150 mm billet casting- coil rolling process. The results of thermodynamic calculation and production practice show that with control of liquid casting temperature ≥1560 °C , [N] ≤78. 6 x 10-6[Ti/% ] [N/% ] ≤0.00149 and casting speed 2.0 -2.5 m/min, it is available to avoid the precipitation of TiN during casting process and the nozzle clogging.关键词：含钛焊丝钢;TiN;连铸;析出;水口结瘤;工艺实践3|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The effect of draft, cone angle and length of sizing belt of drawing die, and drawing speed on drawing stress and drawing surface accuracy of bearing steel GCr15 (1. 01% C, 1. 58% Cr) Φ11 mm rod coil has been analyzed. The optimization process for Φ11 mm rod coil cold drawing to Φ10. 2 mm rod is obtained, i. e. Φ11 mm rod coil (HB193)- isothermal spheroidizing annealing (at 785℃ for 4. 5 h → at 750 °C for 3 h) - cold drawing to 10. 4 mm rodde-stress annealing at 740 ℃ for 4. 5 h- cold drawing to Φ10. 2 mm rod products (HB205) ； the nice surface quality is obtained by using the process measures including with cold speed 35 m/min and drawing oil lubricant.关键词：GCr15轴承钢线材;联合拉拔机;冷拔;减面率;模具;应力;等温球化退火;润滑2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The effect of ingredient of pentary slag (/% : 50~65CaF26 ~ 15CaO, 18 ~ 30Al2O34 ~ 10SiO21 ~ 7MgO) and melting slag temperature (1330-1463 ℃ ) on its surface tension has been studied. Results show that with increasing melting slag temperature, its surface tension decreases, and the surface tension of pentary slag at 1 463 ℃ is 0.372-0.418 N/m. The surface tension of slag 60CaF2-15CaO-6SiO2-18Al2O3-5MgO has lower surface tension (0.375 N/ m), better fluidity and lower viscosity value. The results of commercial production of nickel base alloys Inconel 600 and 625 by 3 t ESR unit show that the elements content in ESR ingot are uniform, the gas content [O] ≤20×10-6and [N] ≤50×10-6the average power consumption decreases to 1 326 kWh/t from original 1933 kWh/t by remelting with slag ANF-6.关键词：电渣重熔;五元渣;表面张力;镍基合金;应用4|1|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The effect of argon flow rate (15~45 L/min) , triple slag (/% ： 63CaF227Al2O310CaO), quaternary slag (/% : 53CaF222Al2O320CaO, 5MgO) and pentary slag (/%： 50CaF222Al2O320CaO, 5MgO, 3TiO2) , and adding Al powder in ESR process on [Ti] in 3 t shielding atmosphere remelting ingot of steel 1Cr21Ni5Ti [/%：0. 09 ~ 0. 14C, ≤0. 80Mn, ≤0.80Si, ≤0. 025S, ≤0. 035P, 4. 8 ~5. 8Ni, 20~22Cr, 5x(C-0.02) ~0.65Ti] has been tested by commercial production. Results show that with increasing argon flow rate, using pentary slag series and evenly adding Al powder in remelting process, the average loss of titanium content- △ [Ti] in remelting ingot could be ≤0. 15%. With using optimized process, filling ratio 0.58, current 12 500 ~ 13 500 A, voltage 40-43 V, pentary slag series, and argon flow rate 30 L/min the results for steel 1Cr21Ni5Ti remelting by 6 t shielding atmosphere ESR unit show that element content in ESR ingot is constant, the C content in ingot is 0.090% -0.091% and Ti content in ingot is 0.46%-0.52% .关键词：3 t和6 t保护气氛电渣重熔锭;1Cr21Ni5Ti钢;渣系;工艺参数;钛烧损3|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：According to thermal physical parameters of austenite stainless steel and aim temperature at outlet of each section of secondary cooling area, the comprehensive control model for dynamic secondary cooling process of 220 mm X 220 mm casting bloom of stainless steel and the end electromagnetic stirring-casing speed optimized model have been established. The application results of casting production of 304 austenite stainless steel show that at normal casting speed 0.8-1.1 m/min for the steel, according to aim temperature (foot rolls 1080 ℃,Ⅰ section 1070℃, Ⅱ section 1060 °C,Ⅲ section 1045 °C and entering straightening machine 980 ℃ ) to defining corresponding water rate (0.30-0.33 L/kg), the secondary cooling process is controlled based on comparison between calculated surface temperature by model in time and aim temperature value, as a results the temperature of casting bloom is even and stable with nice metallurgical quality.关键词：奥氏体不锈钢;220 mm X220 mm坯;立弯式连铸;动态二冷控制;模型;应用3|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The flowsheet of 100 mm heavy plate of steel 235B (/% : 0.14 ~0.17C, 0. 30 ~ 0.60Mn, 0.010 ~ 0. 040Als) and steel Q345B (/% : 0. 15 ~0.18C, 1. 30 ~1. 60Mn, 0. 010 ~ 0. 040Als) is hot metal pretreatment-120 t converter-LF-220 mm slab casting- rolling process. By analysis it is obtained that the surface cracks of medium-heavy plate originate from cracks of casting slab. With using the process measures including increasing basicity of mold shielding slag from 1.16 to 1. 26, increasing its viscosity at 1 300 °C from 0. 80 Pa·s to 0. 97 Pa·s, soft stirring time no-less than 10 min, controlling casting speed about 1. 0 m/min； liquid surface up and down ≤5 mm； maintaining mold cone 9. 0 mm； liquid superheat extent 20 ~25 °C and secondary water rate 0. 662 L/kg, the ratio of longitudinal cracks of steel Q235B and Q345B medium-heavy plate decreases from original 2.17% to 1. 08% , and the comprehensive qualified ratio of plate products increases to 98. 16% from original 94. 78%.关键词：中厚板;Q235B和Q345B钢;纵裂纹;铸坯;工艺优化3|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The RH refining initial carbon content in liquid, rising gas rate and converter end oxygen content in liquid are analyzed and defined, and the production practice has carried out. The results show that the initial carbon content in liquid before RH refining should be controlled from 250 x 10-6to 400 x 10-6the end oxygen content in liquid of converter at tapping should be controlled from 250 x 10-6to 400 X 10-6. The statistic data of real production show that in beginning period of RH refining for 0 ~3 min, the max decarburization rate of each heat is up to 98 x 10-6/min, and at end of decarburization the carbon content in liquid is about 12 x 10-6.关键词：210t RH;超低碳钢;脱碳;工艺优化2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The price of size 10 〜400 mm charge material ferrochrome is lower than that of size 10 ~ 60 mm high carbon ferrochrome with same chemical composition, but the charge material with larger size can't be charged in AOD by high level bin to finish alloying. With analysis on 60 t AOD refining stainless steel decarburization model and commercial production practice, the method of charge material ferrochrome adding in scrap charging bucket is used and the operation model to adding material after charging hot metal is adopted with controlling bath liquid temperature 1 550 〜1 600 ℃ before charging, adding 200 kg/1 charge material ferrochromium to replace high carbon ferrochromium and applying oxygen intensity 2.0 〜2. 5 m3/(t · min), the stability of operation with once adding charge material ferrochromium realizes and the cost of production decreases.关键词：60 t AOD;炉料级铬铁;供氧强度;Cr不锈钢;生产实践2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
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Effect of Forging and Conditioning Heat Treatment on Grain Size of Super-High Strength Steel 23Co-Ni
摘要：The test steel (/% ： 0.24C, 0. 01 Mn, 0. 06Si, 0. 001S, 0.002P, 13.42Co, 11.32Ni, 3.05Cr, 1. 18Mo, 0. 015Al, 0. 015Ti) Φ300 mm bar is forged with 3 times upsetting and forging-out from Φ600 mm ingot melted by 6t vacuum induction furnace + vacuum arc remelting process and annealed at 650 ℃ for 20 h (grains rating 6. 0). The effect of temperature (900 ~ 1 200 ℃ ) forging the Φ300 mm bar to Φ250 mm bar (deformation 30% ) and conditioning heat treatment (normalizing at 860 °C and 900 °C) on grain size of steel has been tested and studied. Results show that with forging at 1 000 ~ 1 140 °C and deforming 30% , the steel has fine and complete recrystallization grains (rating 7. 0). With normalizing at 900 °C the steel has homogeneous and fine grains (rating 7. 0).关键词：超高强度钢23Co-Ni;锻造;温度;变形量;预备热处理;晶粒度4|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21 - 摘要：The effect of solid-solution-treated temperature 1050-1150℃ on structure and corrosion resistance in artificial seawater of maraging steel 00Cr13Ni7Co5Mo4W has been studied by analysis on microstructure, using potentiodynamic polarization curves and uniform corrosion immersion testing. Results show that the solid-solution-treated temperature influences uniformity of structure and grain size of the maraging stainless steel, and then influences the pitting corrosion resistance of steel ； the suitable solid-solution-treated temperature of the maraging stainless steel 00Cr13Ni7Co5Mo4W is 1100 °C , and the annual corrosion rate of the maraging stainless steel 00Cr13Ni7Co5Mo4W solid-solution-treated at 1100℃ for 1 h is only 1.09μm/a, and the breakdown voltage is 300 mV.关键词：马氏体时效不锈钢00Cr13Ni7Co5Mo4W;固溶温度;组织;人工海水;点腐蚀3|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The tested steel 12Cr2Mo1R (/% : 0. 08C, 0. 07Si, 0.45Mn, 2.16Cr, 0.95Mo, 0.18Ni, 0. 14Cu, 0. 015Al, 0.015Sn) is melted by EAF then electro-slag remelted to 300 mm x 2 000 mm slab and rolled to 150 mm heavy plate (Opening rolling 1145℃, final rolling 850℃). The static continuous cooling transformation ( CCT) curves and the cooling temperature curves of surface, 1/4 thickness and 1/2 thickness ( center) of ultra-heavy plate of steel 12Ci2Mo1R are obtained by thermal simulation test and finite element simulation of temperature field. With normalized at 916 °C for 226 min and tempered at 698 °C for 240 min the structure of hot rolled plate at 1/4 thickness is bainite + minor ferrite, and that at 1/2 thickness is bainite + ferrite, its mechanical properties are yield strength 464 MPa, tensile strength 585 MPa and elongation 22% to meet the requirement of user.2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The influence of annealing processes ( continuous annealing at 820 ℃, bell type annealing at 670 °C and at 730 °C ) and flattening elongation (0.8% , 1.2% and 1.5% ) on structure and mechanical properties of 0.4 mm cold- rolled thin sheet of 08Al steel (0. 07% C, 0.05% Al, 0.004 0% N) for clad wire has been tested and studied. Results show that the structure of continuous-annealed thin sheet is ferrite + pearlite, it has higher yield strength (300 MPa) and strength-yield ratio (0. 78) , lower elongation (35% ) and poor plasticity, not suitable to press and shape; of bell type annealed at 730 °C the grains are coarse and uneven with poor shaping performance ； of bell type annealed at 670 °C the structure of thin sheet is recrystallized ferrite and particle- or chain-shaped free cementite, it has lower yield strength (252 MPa) and strength-yield ratio ( 0. 69) , higher elongation (48% ) and nice shaping performance; with increasing flattening elongation the yield strength and strength-yield ratio decrease first and then increase, and the elongation decreases, the suitable flatting elongation is about 1. 2% with nice shaping performance and better application results.关键词：08Al钢;包芯线用冷轧薄带;退火;组织;力学性能;平整率2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The manufacturing flow sheet simulated CSP process o£ narrow strip of Hi-B steel (/% ： 0. 05C, 0. 20Mn, 3. 47Si, 0. 001 5S, 0. 007P, 0. 027Al, 0.006 0N) is 25 kg vacuum induction fumace melting- casting to 40 mm x 85 mm slab ingot- hot-rolling to 2. 5 mm plate- normalizing at 930 °C - cold-rolling to 0. 6 mm (76% ), 0. 4 mm (84% ) , 0. 3 mm (88% ) and 0. 2 mm (92% ) sheet- primary recrystallization-annealing at 830 °C for 5 min. The analysis on texture of priniary recrystallization-annealed specimen has been carried out by X-ray diffractometry (XRD). Results show that after primary recrystallization-annealing, the GOSS texture forms mainly at subsurface and there are some GOSS texture al 1/4 layer of sheet with reduction ratio 76% ; with increasing reduction the intensity of {112} < 110 > and {001}< 110 > orientation of a fiber texture gradually weaken, while the intensity of {111} < 112 > and {111}< 110 > orientation of γ fiber texture orientation first increase and then weaken ； with reduction ratio 88% the γ fiber texture strongly concentrates to {111} < 112 > orientation, the intensity of that reaches to max, it is favourable to form GOSS texture.2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The bearing steel G13Cr4Ni4Mo4VA (/% ： 0. 13C, 4.13Cr, 3. 52Ni, 4.39Mo, 1. 19V) is melted by 6 t vacuum induction furnace +1. 3 t (Φ406 mm) vacuum arc remelting furnace, and forged to Φ120 mm bar with heating at 1 160 °C , beginning forging at ≥1 140 ℃ and end forging at ≥900 ℃. The specimen for mechanical properties examination is quenched at 1 100 ℃ for 80 min (N2gas cooling) , cold treated at -73℃ for 2 h and 3 times tempering treated at 550 ℃ for 2 h, air cooling. The impact value akuis 27. 1 ~ 39. 5 J/cm2lower than that of requirement of standard i. e. 87. 5 J/cm2. It is obtained by test that due to higher forging temperature, led to δ ferrite precipitating at grain boundaries, the impact value of bar decreases. With optimizing forging process, decreasing ingot heating temperature to 1 110 ℃ from original 1 160 ℃, to avoid the δ ferrite precipitation, the average impact value akuof bar increases to 113. 6 J/cm2.关键词：材航空轴承钢G13Cr4Ni4Mo4VA;锻造工艺;δ铁素体;冲击性能2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The cold-work hardening performance and wear-corrosion resistance of ultra-low-carbon Cr-Ni-Mo austenite stainless steel 316L (/%： 0.023C, 0. 55Si, 0. 86Mn, 17. 57Cr, 11. 23Ni, 2. 03Mo) and antibacterial ultra-low-carbon Cr-Mn-Mo-N-Cu-Ag austenite stainless steel HNSAg (0. 024C, 0.48Si, 18.72Mn, 18.05Cr, 1. 96Mo, 0. 55N, 0. 48Cu, 0. 13Ag, 0. 12Nb) have been tested and studied. The steel HNSAg is melted by a 10 kg pressure induction furnace, forged to 15 mm plate and solid-solution-treated at 1 100 ℃ for 1 h, water-cooling. Results show that the deformation resistance of solid-solution-treated steel HNSAg is higher than that of steel 316L, but the steel HNSAg still maintains excellent plastic deformability, and at same wear-corrosion conditions the wear-corrosion resistance of steel HNSAg is better than that of steel 316L, its weight loss rate of wear-corrosion for 32 h is 1/2 that of steel 316L.关键词：高氮含银无镍抗菌不锈钢HNSAg;316L不锈钢;冷作硬化;耐磨蚀性3|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
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