最新刊期
卷 46 ， 期 1 ， 2025
- 摘要：Titanium-microalloyed steel is widely used in aerospace， automotive manufacturing， construction engineering and other fields. Adding Ti to the steel for microalloying can obviously increase the strength and improve the properties of the material， but TiN inclusions will be formed in the steel. The precipitation temperature of TiN is high， fine TiN inclusion can inhibit the growth of grain at high temperature， and induce the formation of inocrystalline needle ferrite （IAF）；And the thick TiN inclusion is unfavorable to the properties of the material. In this paper， the latest progress in the formation of TiN in Ti-bearing microalloyed steels at home and abroad is discussed from two aspects of the formation and control of TiN. On the formation of TiN， this paper mainly summarizes the influence TiN of formation mode ，morphology characteristics， thermodynamic and kinetic factors on the formation of TiN， as well as the harm of TiN in steel on the properties of steel. On the control of TiN， the effects of the synergistic action of Al， B and Ti on the formation of TiN， the effects of Mg treatment， Ca treatment， and rare earth （Ce， La， Y） treatment on the formation of TiN in steel are mainly summarized in this paper.The amount， size and morphology of TiN can be affected by the synergistic effect between other elements and Ti element in steel. Mg treatment， Ca treatment and rare earth treatment can provide effective nucleation inclusion for the formation of TiN， while reducing the formation of large size TiN inclusion. After Mg， Ca and rare earth treatment， TiN composite inclusions of sub-micron and nano-scale can be formed， which can effectively induce the formation of IAF and strengthen the properties of steel.关键词：Ti Microalloyed Steel;TiN Generation Behavior;TiN Control;RE Treatment;Oxide Metallurgy7|4|0更新时间：2025-05-09
- 摘要：High-nitrogen austenitic stainless steels exhibit high strength and toughness， strong wear and corrosion resistance， and also possess non-magnetic property along with excellent biocompatibility. These attributes have garnered them extensive attention across a variety of fields， including ocean engineering， energy and chemical industries， national defense and aviation， and biomedical applications. However， in the preparation process， it still faces a series of problems and technical challenges such as inaccurate control of nitrogen enrichment levels， easy precipitation of nitrogen during solidification of high-nitrogen steels to form pores， and precipitation of coarse nitrides during hot working， which limits its large-scale development and application to a certain extent. The development status， preparation process， and strengthening mechanisms of high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel have been systematically elaborated in this paper. Firstly， a review of the domestic and international development history and current research status of high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel are reviewed. Secondly， the production and preparation processes for high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel have been summarized， encapsulating various techniques for the melting-casting method. This includes a comparison and analysis of their advantages and disadvantages， such as the Larger Pool Method， Pressurized Induction Melting， Pressurized Ladle Blowing， Pressurized Electroslag Remelting， and Pressurized Plasma Arc Melting. Additionally， an overview of the powder metallurgy process for fabricating high nitrogen steel is presented， which includes methods such as Mechanical Alloying， Gas Atomization， Plasma Rotating Electrode Process， and Solid-state Powder Nitriding. Furthermore， a summary is provided around various forming processes including Hot Isostatic Pressing， Spark Plasma Sintering， Metal Injection Molding， Hot Pressing Sintering， Cold Pressing Forming， and Additive Manufacturing. Ultimately， the discourse delves into the mechanisms underlying nitrogen's fortification role in austenitic stainless steel， encompassing Solution Strengthening， Grain Refinement Strengthening， Strain Hardening， and Precipitation Hardening. Moreover， the dialogue addresses the predominant challenges encountered in the evolution of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel， proffering a prospective outlook on the field's advancement.关键词：High-nitrogen Austenitic Stainless Steel;Nitrogen Enrichment Mechanism;Preparation Process;Strengthening Mechanism;Prospect14|3|0更新时间：2025-05-09
Overview
- 摘要：In order to find out hydrogen content change law in ESR ingot during electroslag remelting， and on the basis of each process optimize to improve the electric slag ingot hydrogen content qualified rate ， nuclear power steel 316H is taken as the research object to study processing parameters such as melting speed， filling ratio， slag ingredients， amount of slag added， initial hydrogen of electrode and partial pressure of water vapor by using a 15 ton electroslag furnace in this paper.The results show that hydrogen addition is different in each stage of electroslag remelting，the hydrogen content in ESR ingot is proportional to the square root of water vapor pressure in the air. The CaO can promote hydrogen increase and MgO can prevent hydrogen increase in the slag ingredients. Increasing the melting rate， reducing the amount of slag， increasing the filling ratio and improving the cleanliness of the electrode surface are beneficial to prevent hydrogen of electroslag ingot increase. When the initial hydrogen of the electrode is less than 2×10-6， the hydrogen absorption of the remelting process of the electroslag is more serious. When the initial hydrogen of the electrode is in the range of 2×10-6-4×10-6， the hydrogen absorption of the electroslag remelting process becomes weaker. When the initial hydrogen of the electrode is greater than 4×10-6， the electroslag remelting process will appear dehydrogenation.After the process optimization， the average qualified rate of hydrogen reaches 97.5%， which is 2.8% higher than 94.7% before the optimization.关键词：Electroslag Remelting;Hydrogen Content;316H Steel;Hydrogenation;Process Optimization5|0|0更新时间：2025-05-09
- 摘要：With regard to the forging cracking problem of 20 t flat ingot of N08120 nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloy， experiments and on-site process analysis were carried out. The solidification structure near the crack and the surface composition of the crack fracture were explored by macrostructure inspection， optical microscope and scanning electron microscope， combined with the equilibrium phase diagram and on-site data of the material ， the comprehensive analysis showed that the cracking was caused by the internal solidification defects of the ingot and improper heating process before forging. During the solidification process， it was prone to form porosity and shrinkage defects in the lower middle part of the flat ingot， and there was a stacked charging mode of cold ingots during heating， resulting large tensile stress inside the ingot. When the stress value was higher than the internal bonding strength， cracks would initiate and expand outward during forging process. By reducing the casting speed of shrink head to 30% of that of ingot body， adding the heating agent in advance when the molten steel level reached 2/3 of height of the shrink head， increasing heating agent from 2 kg/t to 2.5 kg/t and adding carbonized rice husk in order to improve the insulation effect， increasing the proportion of hot-feeding ingots in the forging process and strictly prohibiting the stacking of cold ingots into the furnace， the problem of forging cracking was solved.关键词：N08120 Nickel-based Alloy;Flat Ingot;Solidification Defect;Forging Cracking11|2|0更新时间：2025-05-09
- 摘要：Type 1.4833 austenitic heat-resistant steel used in glass curing container storage tank of high level nuclear radioactive waste treatment has safety risks in long-term use at high temperature condition， and can not meet the needs of higher strength and better toughness and plasticity at high temperature condition of steel used in next generation storage tank. According to the application conditions of the storage tank， 0.12% Nb element is added to the original composition of YUS701 steel 25Cr-13Ni-2Si-0.8Mo-0.25N for the inner cover of the silicon steel ring cover annealing furnace ， appropriately reduce the content of C and Si elements. Electroslag remelting smelting process is adopted to control the deformation rate and temperature during forging and rolling. Finally， solid solution heat treatment at 1 150 ℃ is carried out to prepare the forgings of the improved YUS701 steel. The experimental results show that the improved YUS701 steel has good mechanical properties at room temperature. At 1 000 ℃， the yield strength exceeds 65 MPa and the tensile strength reaches about 100 MPa. After thermal cycle of simulated high temperature glass solid solution pouring， the impact absorption energy reaches more than 155 J， which can meet the performance requirements of the next generation of steel for storage tanks.关键词：High-level Radioactive Waste;Glass Curing Body;Heat Resistant Steel;Improved YUS701 Steel4|1|0更新时间：2025-05-09
Product Research and Development
- 摘要：The flow and solidification characteristics of molten steel in thin slab continuous casting mold of medium Mn steel with section of 1 500 mm×90 mm were studied by numerical simulation. The melting and mixing behavior of reactive mold slag was analyzed. The results showed that in case of casting speed of 5 m/min and immersion depth of 300 mm， the temperature of the medium Mn steel fluctuated greatly around about a quarter of the width surface of the lower layer. Due to the slow heat transfer of the shell， the solidified shell of narrow face at the mold outlet was thin and its thickness was only 7.73 mm. The slag rim formed in the continuous casting process of medium Mn steel was slightly smaller in size and mainly consisted of the initial slag layer. The solid slag film was formed by mixing the initial layer and the reaction layer at different stages. The initial solidification of the shell was easy to be uneven due to the change of the slag ingredient in the upper part of the mold.关键词：Medium Mn steel;Thin Slab;Mold;Mold slag5|4|0更新时间：2025-05-09
- 摘要：The microstructure evolution and hardness change of Fe-1.4C-1.5Cr-Alx ultra-high carbon steel with 2%-6% aluminum content added during quenching and tempering were analyzed. It is found that the addition of Al reduces the precipitation amount of proeutectoid carbides during cooling， and helps to inhibit the formation of network carbides around grain boundaries. After adding 4%-6% Al， the tempering hardness of ultra-high carbon steel is stable between 62HRC-65HRC at 200 ℃-400 ℃， and after adding Al element， the decomposition temperature of nanoscale carbide in the tempering process of the test steel is increased， the tempering resistance stability is improved， and the martensitic decomposition temperature is increased， and the greater the amount of Al element added， the better of the tempering stability and temperature resistance of ultra-high carbon steel.关键词：Low Density Steel;Bearing Steel;Steel With Aluminum;Ultra-high Carbon Steel2|1|0更新时间：2025-05-09
- 摘要：Taking 14 t flat ingot as the research object， a new method of mold removal controlled cooling was adopted. This method completely eliminates the effect of the air gap in the solidification process of the ingot， and applies cooling to the lower part of the ingot to promote the sequence solidification of ingot from bottom to top， thus improving the solidification quality of the ingot. The heat transfer solidification process of the cooling steel ingot controlled by mold removal was simulated through the simulation software combined with the industrial test of solidification process of 14 t H13 on site， and the influence of different cooling intensities on heat transfer solidification， Niyama distribution and thermal stress of steel ingot was analyzed. The results show that the temperature gradient of the lower part of the ingot is increased by mold removal and controlled cooling， the solidification front changes from U-shape to V-shape， the angle of solidification front is increased， the feeding channel between the riser and the solidification front is widened， and the feeding of the riser to the lower part is promoted. With the increase of cooling intensity， the central loose area decreased by 2.03%， the central loose length decreased by 68.53%， and concentrated in the riser area. At the same time， the thermal stress inside the ingot also increases， and the proposed cracking coefficient is used to predict the risk of cracking when the controlled cooling intensity reaches 1 200（W·m-2·K-1）.关键词：Steel Ingot;Stripping Cooling;Center Porosity;Hot Crack5|1|0更新时间：2025-05-09
- 摘要：By means of industrial test and Aspex automatic inclusion analysis techonogy， the evolution law of ［T.O］， ［N］ content， microinclusions quantity， size and type of 9Ni steel in LF→RH→CC steelmaking process were systematically studied. The formation mechanism of calcium-aluminate and CaS inclusions under calcium treatment conditions was investigated by FactSage software. The results show that the content of ［T.O］ and ［N］ in 9Ni steel increases simultaneously in the process interval from LF first power supply→LF second power supply and RH soft blowing argon gas for 20 min→rolling， indicating that there is secondary oxidation in the molten steel in these two process intervals. The inclusions in 9Ni steel are mainly CaO-Al2O3-MgO and CaO-Al2O3-CaS complex inclusions， and the size is mainly between 2 μm-5 μm. When the calcium line is reduced from 200 m to 100 m， the density of 2 μm-5 μm inclusions in 9Ni steel rolled material is significantly reduced， and basically no inclusions containing CaS components are found， and the grades of DT and DS inclusions are reduced from 1.0 and 1.5 grades to 0.5 and 0.5 grades， respectively. The Aspex statistical results of the density， size and average composition of composite inclusions in 9Ni steel rolled sheets with 200 m and 100 m calcium line are in good agreement with the inclusion rating results and FactSage calculation results.关键词：9Ni Steel;Inclusion Transformation;Calcium Treatment;CaS;FactSage Calculation5|2|0更新时间：2025-05-09
- 摘要：Taking the 40Cr steel smelted by Consteel EAF of Zhang Xuan Technology as the research object， the effects of adding different particle size direct reduced iron （DRI） to the Consteel EAF on the EAF smelting process， steel material consumption， electricity consumption， and final slag ingredient of the EAF were studied by conducting experiments on adding 30 tons of different particle size DRI to the EAF. The results indicate that adding small-sized DRI during the smelting of 40Cr steel in an EAF can easily lead to an increase in slag overflow during the smelting process， and the FeO content in the overflow slag is higher， resulting in an increase in steel and electricity consumption， a decrease in the alkalinity of the final slag， and an increase in the FeO content of the final slag. At the same time， the slag discharged from the EAF with small-sized DRI is prone to forming iron thallium at the bottom of the slag tank. The proportion of EAF smelting 40Cr steel with DRI size ≤ 6.3 mm is less than 8.5%， and the smelting effect is better， DRI can be screened and used to remove those with smaller particle sizes. At the same time， avoid loading materials from empty silos， try to load materials in half or above half silos， and avoid large drop DRI crushing that increases the proportion of small particles.关键词：EAF;DRI Size;Alkalinity;FeO Content in Slag;Steel Material Consumption;Electricity Consumption4|3|0更新时间：2025-05-09
- 摘要：In order to effectively reduce and control the non-metallic inclusions in a GCr15 bearing steel produced by BOF→LF→VD→CC process and improve its product quality， the characteristics and evolution mechanism of inclusions in bearing steel produced by the whole process were analyzed firstly by methods of systematic sampling， automatic analysis and scanning of inclusions and thermodynamic calculation in the present study. The results show that the inclusions in molten steel are mainly MgO-Al2O3 and Al2O3 after the slag melting during LF stage， and they are transformed into CaO-MgO-Al2O3 and CaO-Al2O3 with the size of 1-5 μm in the end of the LF stage. The type of inclusions remains unchanged after VD soft blowing. However， the inclusion density decreases from 16.53 pcs/mm2 in the end of the LF stage to 14.02 pcs/mm2， resulting in an inclusion removal rate of approximately 15.2%. The number density of inclusions in the tundish increases to 16.39 pcs/mm2. The types of inclusions are still mainly CaO-MgO-Al2O3 and CaO-Al2O3， of which 1-2 μm and ＞ 2-5 μm size accounted for 62.8% and 35.6%， respectively. The number of CaS-containing compound inclusions in the billet increases significantly. Thermodynamic calculation explains the evolution causes of the above inclusions. It is found that when the w［Al］s is at 0.02%， the stable existence of MgO-Al2O3 is associated with a significant variation in Mg content， ranging from 0.000 3% to 0.01%， which facilitates the formation of MgO-Al2O3 or CaO-MgO-Al2O3 type inclusions during the production of GCr15 bearing steel. The T.Ca/T.O ratios of the molten steel in LF ending， VD soft blowing process， and tundish were observed to be 0.39， 1.0， and 0.62， respectively； these values align with the theoretical （T.Ca）/（T.O） ratio range （0.13 to 1.25） conducive to the formation of five distinct types of calcium aluminate. As a result， a substantial quantity of calcium aluminate inclusions was detected. During the cooling process of the molten steel， a transformation of inclusions occurs. The liquid calcium aluminate inclusions diminishes， while the quantities of MgO·Al2O3 and CaS inclusions markedly increases.关键词：GCr15 Bearing Steel;Non-metallic Inclusions;Thermodynamics;Solidification;Evolution12|3|0更新时间：2025-05-09
Smelting and Solidification
- 关键词：Online Warter Cooling After Forged;Offine Solid Solution;Water and Air Cooling Alternating Quenching;Spheroidization Annealing;Liquid Precipitated Carbides;Metallographic Structure424|1|0更新时间：2025-05-09
- 摘要：The microstructure and strengthening mechanism of 2 100 MPa grade steel wires for bridge cables during cold drawing were studied using a universal tensile testing machine， transmission electron microscope （TEM）， and X-ray diffractometer （XRD）， and the strengthening model suitable for steel wires at low to medium drawing strain was established. The results show that when the stress variable increase to 1.45， the tensile strength and yield strength of cold-drawn steel wires increase from 1 530 MPa and 1 250 MPa of hot-rolled wire rods to 2 185 MPa and 1 880 MPa， respectively， while the elongation decreases from 6.5% to 2.6%. After cold drawing， the dislocation density of ferrite in the steel wires increases and forms dislocation walls. The pearlite colonies turn to the drawing direction to form a fiber texture， and shear bands （S-bands） appear in cementite lamellae with a large angle to the drawing axis. The measured yield strength of steel wires conforms to the interface strengthening and dislocation strengthening models at low and medium drawing strain， with the interface strengthening and dislocation strengthening being 1 359 MPa and 569 MPa， respectively. The contribution ration of interface strengthening decreased from 88% to 68%， while the contribution ratio of dislocation strengthening increased from 6% to 29%. Although the interface strengthening plays a dominant role in the contribution to the yield strength， the growth rate of dislocation strengthening is greater than that of interface strengthening.关键词：Pearlitic Steel Wires;Cold-Drawn;Microstructure;Dislocation;Strengthening Mechanism5|2|0更新时间：2025-05-09
- 摘要：Regarding the requirement of residual ferrite content not exceeding 1% and grain size controlled within 4-6 levels in 316H austenitic stainless steel. Based on Thermo calc thermodynamic calculations and research on the changes in microstructure and properties during solid solution treatment， a progressive solid solution treatment method is proposed. The thermodynamic calculation results show that the solid solution temperature range for the formation of a single austenite structure in 316H steel is 975.5 ℃-1 281 ℃.Solid solution experimental research shows that the experimental steel treated with single stage solid solution can meet the requirements for residual ferrite content at 1 050 ℃ and 1 100 ℃， but the distribution of grain size is uneven and the phenomenon of mixed crystals is severe， leading to an increase in plasticity and toughness of the experimental steel， but the strength is obviously decreased. Adopting a progressive solid solution treatment of 1 000 ℃ （1 h）+1 100 ℃ （1 h）， while ensuring that the ferrite content and grain size meet the requirements， the uniformity of the structure is significantly improved， and the strength and toughness of the sample are higher than those of single stage solid solution treatment.关键词：Austenitic Stainless Steel 316H;δ-ferrite;Grain Size;Progressive Solid Solution Treatment Method;Mechanical Properties of the Material4|1|0更新时间：2025-05-09
- 摘要：The effects of quenching and tempering at different temperatures on the microstructure， strength and wear resistance of NM450 high strength low-alloy wear-resistant steel were studied. The results showed that the lath martensite with a small amount of ferrite structure was obtained for the high-strength low-alloy wear-resistant steel quenched at 840 ℃ and tempered at 200 ℃. The lath martensite was obtained and the martensite matrix contains high-density dislocation， and the residual austenite was distributed between the martensite lath for the steel quenched at 880 ℃-900 ℃ and tempered at 200 ℃.With the increase of quenching temperature， the yield strength of wear-resistan steel NM450（/%：0.20C，0.50Si，2.0Mn，0.20Cr，0.03Als，≤0.015P，≤0.005S）was between 1142 MPa and 1 173 MPa， the tensile strength was between 1 553 MPa and 1 599 MPa， the elongation was between 10.0% and 12.0%. The strengthening mechanism of the test steel was mainly dislocation strengthening and fine grain strengthening and solid solution strengthening. There were a lot of furrows and grinding chips of the steels for abrasive wear， and the wear mechanism was mainly plastic deformation. The strength and wear-resistance proformance was the best for the steel quenched at 880 ℃ and the tempered at 200 ℃.关键词：Wear-resistant Steel NM 450;Microstructure;Strength;Wear Loss6|5|0更新时间：2025-05-09
- 摘要：On the basis of the successful developed ferrite zone rolling process technology in a hot rolling plant production line， a comparative study was conducted to investigate the effects of two hot rolling processes， on the metallographic microstructure， precipitation phases， macroscopic texture and mechanical properties of low-strength IF steel. OM， TEM and XRD diffraction were used to compare and analyse the differences in metallographic microstructure， precipitation phases and macroscopic texture of IF steel in hot-rolled and cold-rolled annealed condition under the two rolling processes， and at the same time， the three-way tensile mechanical properties of IF steel were tested by the ZWICK tensile tester after cold-rolled annealing. The results show that the microstructure of hot-rolled IF steels in the austenitic zone was equiaxed grains， while the grains of hot-rolled IF steel in the ferrite zone are elongated and fibrous along the rolling direction； Compared with the austenitic zone hot rolling process， the optimum process parameters for ferrite zone rolling are heating temperature 1 150 ℃+final rolling temperature 800 ℃+coiling temperature 720 ℃， in which the yield strength Rp0.2 is significantly reduced， and the size of precipitated phases is overall larger by 70-85 nm， but there is no significant difference in the size of TiN precipitated phases； In terms of texture， cold-rolled annealed IF steel γ texture is stronger， and the orientation distribution of each component in the main texture is more concentrated with smaller differences in strength.The corresponding
Forming and Phase Transition
- 摘要：This study proposes a phosphorus content prediction model for the endpoint of electroslag remelting （ESR） refining process based on Mutual Information （MI） method and XGBoost. The MI method is utilized for feature selection and assessment of factors affecting the endpoint phosphorus content. The dataset after feature selection serves as the input variables for the model.The MI-XGBoost model is trained and validated using production data. Grid search cross-validation is employed for model structure adjustment and hyperparameter optimization. It is compared horizontally with MI-RR， MI-RF， MI-GBDT， and MI-KNN models. The results demonstrate that the MI-XGBoost model exhibits the highest prediction accuracy. The incorporation of MI and GridSearchCV enhances the model's predictive performance and fitting ability.Validation of the test set shows that the MI-XGBoost model achieves
- 摘要：The No.8 caster of Benxi Steelmaking Plant is equipped with the 3rd Flow Control Mold （ hereafter abbreviated as FC MOLD G3）. In order to reduce inclusions in slabs， the steel plant used the standard deviation of liquid level fluctuation in the mold to evaluate the amplitude of liquid level fluctuation， and used nail board test to detect the flow velocity of liquid level. Through industrial experiments， the operating parameters of FC MOLD G3 were optimized. After optimization， the parameters of the combined mode of stirring and braking are： upper DC current is 68% full current of upper coil， upper AC current is 26% full current of upper coil， and lower DC current is 48% full current of lower coil. The parameters for the high-speed braking mode are： upper DC current is 72% full current of upper coil， upper AC current is 12% full current of upper coil， and lower DC current is 100% full current of lower coil. The parameters for the wide section stirring mode are： upper DC current is 20% full current of upper coil， upper AC current is 25% full current of upper coil， and lower DC current is 0 A. The results showed that compared with not using FC MOLD G3， the liquid level fluctuation in mold decreased by 30%-35%. In the compound mode of stirring and braking， the precision of liquid level was controlled within ± 3 mm， exceeding 95%. The reasonable range of surface flow velocity of molten steel in the mold reached 80% in the range of 0.2 m/s-0.4 m/s. Moreover， the standard deviation of surface flow velocity in the mold decreased individually： it decreased by 64.1% in the standard stirring+braking mode， and it decreased by 12.8% in the high speed braking mode， and it decreased by 40% in the wide-section stirring mode.The results of the EM scan showed a 26% decrease in the number density of inclusions above 10 μ m in the surface layer of the slab. Industrial production practice shows that the degradation rate of cold rolled coil caused by inclusion defects also decreased by 25%-30%.关键词：FC MOLD;Mold Flow Field;Inclusions;Surface Flow Velocity;Level Fluctuations2|1|0更新时间：2025-05-09
- 摘要：In order to explore the influence of different charge conditions on the process of AOD smelting stainless steel， taking 430 stainless steel smelting in 150 t AOD furnace as an example， based on the actual production process， a material and heat balance simulation system of AOD refining stainless steel process was constructed. Through simulation calculation， the furnace temperature change under different charge conditions and related technical and economic indexes are deeply compared and analyzed.The results show that the furnace temperature will be low by using the raw material condition of dephosphorized molten iron and solid ferrochromium， and a large amount of ferrosilicon alloy should be added in the early stage of reduction to meet the requirements of steel tapping. Under this process condition， the consumption of ferrosilicon and lime reached 39.3 kg/t and 97.7 kg/t respectively， the continuous addition time of high carbon ferrochromium was about 12 min， the feeding rate was 4 t/min， and the maximum oxygen supply intensity at this time was 400 m3·min-1. By coordinating the relationship between oxygen supply and feeding rate， the temperature in the furnace was relatively stable； In the process of using dephosphorized molten iron + high chromium molten iron as furnace charge， the consumption of ferrosilicon and lime was 25.7 kg/t and 58.9 kg/t respectively. This process would generate heat surplus. By adding scrap steel as coolant to control the furnace temperature and meet the tapping temperature requirements， under this condition， the consumption of scrap steel per ton of steel was 169.1 kg， and the proportion of scrap steel added was 15.1%. The model calculation process can adjust and optimize the charge ratio according to the conditions of raw materials entering the furnace， which can provide theoretical and production guidance for AOD production of stainless steel.关键词：430 Stainless Steel;Metallurgical Processes;Mass Balance;Heat Balance;AOD Refining2|1|0更新时间：2025-05-09
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