最新刊期
卷 44 ， 期 2 ， 2023
- 摘要：The core temperature uniformity control of billet in heating furnace is very important to the stability of product quality,due to the high temperature environment in heating furnace, it is always a difficult problem to predict the core temperature of billet with high precision. In order to solve this problem, in this paper a temperature measurement method based on billet embedded thermocouple black box is established to effectively obtain the actual temperature distribution of billet at different positions in the heating furnace. Based on the experimental data of black box temperature measurement, the methods such as data cleaning,data smoothing and standardization areapplied, based on the data-driven neural network, random forest and XGBoost model, the unmeasured core temperature of billet is predicted by using the measurable gas temperature in the heating furnace. The prediction results of core temperature of GCr15 steel 150 mm x 150 mm billet show that the regression prediction effect of XGBoost model is the best, and the relative errors are mainly distributed in the range of 0%-5.4%. The absolute error of 97.1% of the sample points in the model is less than 10 °C , the RMSE error is 4. 1345 ℃ , and the MAPE error is 0.47%. The method of billet core temperature prediction based on billet embedded thermocouple black box temperature measurement + XGBoost model is proposed.关键词：GCr15 Steel Billet Core Temperature;Black Box Experiment;Neural Network;Random Forest;XGBoost3|1|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：Taking the section size of a steel plant as the Φ800 mm round billet Q355NE as die research object, the heal transfer model was established to study the influence of casting speed and superheat on the solidification process without electromagnetic stirring of the crystalliser. The results showed that the effect of casting speed on thickness of blank shell, the position of solidification end and centre solid phase rate washigher than that of superheat, and the solidification end point- moved back about 2.6 m for each 0.02 m•min-1increased in the casting speed ； the solidification end pointmoved back- about 0.21 m for each 10 °C increased in superfieat. In actual production, the thickness of the crystallizer billet shell exceeded 43 mm, when the specific water flow of secondary cooling tensity was 0.18 L•kg-1the superheat degree was 25 °C , and the casting speed was 0.14 m•min-1while the electromagnetic stirringat die ends can be allowed to play its full role, the processhas been improved.关键词：Q355NE;Large Round Billet;Numerical Simulation;Casting Speed;Superheat2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The tested super austenitic stainless steel 254SMo(/%:0.011C,0.30Si,0.46Mn,20.25Cr,17.75Ni,6.13Mo,0.64Cu,0.212N) is melted by 20 t electric arc furnace + AOD +LF refining,the as-cast microstructure of 254SMo steel has been studied. It is found that there are a large number of precipitates between dendrites,and the precipitates in the center of ingot head near hot top are the largest and distributed in a network. After homogenization treatment at 1240℃ for 8-40 h,the ingots are forged to φ204 mm bar,the quantity of precipitated phase and pitting corrosion rate are inspected. The experimental results show that with the prolongation of homogenization time,the size and quantity of precipitates decrease,and the pitting corrosion performanceof steel improves; Homogenization for 12 h + Upsetting and Stretching + homogenization for 12 h is the optimal homogenization process.关键词：Super Austenitic Stainless Steel 254SMo;Precipitated Phase;Pitting Corrosion Rate;Homogenization2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：Continuous cooling test of 2507 super duplex stainless steel(/%:0.017C,6.22Ni,25.73Cr,3.39Mo,0.27N) from 1340 ℃ to room temperature by cooling rate 1-500 ℃/min has been carried out by using Gleeble 3500-GTC. The influence of cooling rate on precipitated α phase was analyzed by combining with EPMA (electro-probe macroanalyser)observation,EBSD (electro backscattering diffraction)phase analysis and thermodynamic calculation. The results show that the σ phase exists in the structure of 2507 super duplex stainless steel under the cooling rate of 1 ℃/min,and the area percentage of σ phase is 2.67%.When the cooling rate is faster than 10 ℃/min,the solidification structure is only composed of austenite and ferrite. The thermodynamic calculation results show that the smaller the cooling rate is,the easier the σ phase precipitates is.关键词：2507 Super Duplex Stainless Steel;Cooling Rate;Phase;Thermodynamic Calculation4|1|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The 20CrH special steel bar produced by a special steel factory,after warm forging to make inner star wheel by the downstream user,the mixed crystal phenomenon was found after carburizing heat treatment at 9655 ℃×6 h.Using light microscope observation and design of heat treatment test for verification,the results show that the uneven temperature of forging deformation and the low temperature of holding after forging lead to the abnormal growth of local austenite grains in the subsequent carburizing process and the formation of mixed grains. The temperature preservation of the inner star wheel after warm forging is increased from 710 ℃ to 900℃,which can effectively avoid crystal mixing and provides guidance for the process design of warm forging of similar special steel parts.关键词：Mixed Crystal;Warm Forging;Metallographic Structure;Carburizing;Inner Star Wheel3|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：Using Theno-Mechanicd Control Process(TMCP)of 1030 ℃ breakdownrdling 800 ℃ continous rolling and water through after rolling,φ110& mm non-quench and tempering (NQT) 42MnVS for free cutting application was trial produced. The results indicate that water fast cooling process of rolled steel can refine grain size, improve banded structure obviously and increase mechanical properties of steel. At the condition that tensile strength reaches 945 MPa and yield strength reaches 800 MPa, the impact energy Akuof steel products can still reaches more than 70 J. It can be used to replace 42CrMo NQT steel.关键词：Direct Cutting;40MnVS NQT Steel;TMCP;Water Through After Rolling2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The causes and practical effects of macrostructure “bubbles” in WB36 thick wall seamless steel pipe are analyzed and studied by means of scanning electron microscope,magnetic particle and ultrasonic flaw detection and performance test. The results show that the main reasons for the formation of macrostructure bubbles are poor deoxidation,high pouring temperature,and damp of ladle and refractory materials etc,the bubbles are short linear dark stripes at the macro, and circular or elliptical holes in the micro,it is mainly distributed near the inner wall to 1/2 wall thickness of the steel pipe corresponding to ingot head near hot top. Slight bubbles cannot be detected by magnetic particle,penetration and ultrasonic flaw detection,which has little impact on the mechanical properties of the steel pipe at room temperature. With controlling casting temperature of WB36 steel below 1590℃,holding time of VD refining at 67 Pa should not be less than 15 min,and moisture content of heating agent and thermal insulation material less than 0. 1%,the generation of macrostructure bubble defects can be effectively prevented.关键词：WB36 Seamless Steel Pipe;Macrostructure;Bubble;Performance2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：By controlling billet temperature 780 ℃ as entering sizing mill,sizing reducing rate 42% (φ18.4 mm→ φ14 mm),cooling rate 0.42 ℃/s,the microstructure of 35CrMo steel hot-rolled rod is F+P,with ferrite content more than 40%,actual grain size 10- 11,tensile strength 750 MPa,reduction of area≥60%,and hardness value 214-225HV, to realize annealing-free large reduction of cross-sectional area cold drawing.关键词：35CrMo Cold Heading Steel;Hot Rolled Wire Rods;Controlled Rolling and Controlled Cooling;Annealing-Free151|16|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The process of smelting,rolling,solution and pickling of duplex stainless steel ER2209 wire rods for butt welding was studied. The results show that the optimum hot working temperature was 1000- 1050 ℃,which can effectively avoid the rolling cracks caused by σ phase precipitation. The heat treatment temperature was 1050- 1100 ℃,the strength of the material was low, the plasticity was high,and the cold drawing performance is excellent. The process of(H2SO4+HF) solution pretreatment and (HNO3+HF)mixed pickling was used for pickling. The wire surface quality was excellent with- out pickling intercrystalline corrosion.关键词：ER2209 Wire Rods;Duplex Stainless Steel;σ Phase Precipitation;Solution Treatment;Pickling.123|15|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The delamination defects at the tail of 148 mm thickness 2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V steel plate made of 55 t ingot is observed and analyzed by scanning electron microscope and electron probe microanalysis. The results show that the delamination defects are caused by the involvement of mold flux in the molten steel. In order to reduce the delamination defects at the tail of steel plate the smelting process is optimized,i.e. in refining process,the composite deoxidation process of carbon powder,calcium carbide and 1.2-2.0 kg/tsteelAl line is adopted. After vacuum, it is soft blown for 12-14 min. The mold casting protective slag with high viscosity,low melting point,high melting rate and large expansion coefficient is used. After optimizing the smelting process, the ratio of delamination defects at the tail of steel plate is 11.3%,9.6% and 6.9% respectively,and the scrap rate of steel plate caused by delamination defects decreases from original 8.1% to 1.7%.关键词：2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V Steel;148 mm Heavy Thickness Delamination Defect;Flux;Casting;Al2O3 Inclusion2|1|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：Through experiments,the production process of 16MnCrS5 steel bars for precision turning is determined,and the appropriate sulfur content,cooling speed and annealing temperature parameters are studied to meet the requirements of high-end automotive pin precision turning parts. The results show that the tested 16MnCrS5 steel hot-rolled bars with S content ranging from 0.028% to 0.035% were cooled at a cooling rate of 1.37 to 1.69 ℃/s,and then subjected to stress relief annealing at 620 ℃ for 6 h in a continuous annealing furnace,and the hardness was 180-215 HBW which met customer requirements of that for stress relief annealing precision turning bar.关键词：16MnCrS5 Steel;Precision Turning;Hardness;Sulfur Contents;Stress Relief Annealing2|1|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：Combined with the actual situation of X80 pipeline steel production in a factory, the dephosphorization process of combined blowing converter duplex process was tested, and the influence of basicity and oxidizability of converter slag on dephosphorization was studied. The results show that when the phosphorus content of hot metal is 0.118% and 0.116% , the alkalinity of the end slag CaO/SiO2of dephosphorization furnace and decarburization furnace is 1.6-2.0 and 3.3-4.1 respectively ,and the content of T. Fe is 10%-15% and 20%-35% respectively, the dephosphorization rate of the dephosphorization furnace is as high as 50.85% , the average is 38.35% , the end dephosphorization rate is the highest 95.69% , the average is 94.88% , and the phosphorus content of the molten steel at the end of smelting is controlled below 0.007% , the minimum is 0.005% , meeting the production requirements of X80 pipeline steel.关键词：X80 Pipeline Steel;Combined Blowing Converter;Duplex Process;Dephosphorization2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：Compares the effects of two different tundish argon replacement methods, scheme I uses the argon rod to replace the air in the inner cavity of the tundish, and scheme 0 uses the joint action of argon gas pipe and argon rod on the tundish cover to replace the air in the tundish. Select the same steel grade, specification, replacement time and pipeline pressure to carry out the process test. Through comparison: (1) scheme U can more effectively replace the air in the inner cavity of the tundish and reduce the probability of secondary oxidation； (2) The oxygen content, nitrogen content, Als/Alt, inclusions in steel and other indicators of scheme H is better than those of scheme I , indicating that the protective casting effect of scheme II is better； (3) Scheme U can effectively prevent the formation of inclusions below 10 μm, especially small particle inclusions in the range of 2 μm ≤ X ＜5 μm.关键词：First Heat;Secondary Oxidation;Cleanliness;Inclusion2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The effect of B on the high temperature oxidation resistance of 0Cr25Ni20B was studied by oxidation weight gain method. The morphology,composition and element distribution of the high temperature oxidation film of 0Cr25Ni20B was analyzed by TEM,SEM,EDS and XRD,and the mechanism of B on its high temperature oxidation resistance was revealed. The results show that the addition of 0.4% B can promote the formation of dense oxide film on the surface of heat- resistant steel plate,and the formation of borate (Fe3BO6)can inhibit the further development of oxidation behavior,there- by improving the high temperature oxidation performance of the material.关键词：Austenitic Stainless Steel Containing Boron;High Temperature Oxidation Mechanism;Constant Temperature Dynamics2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：During the production of large-sized P92 ferrite heat-resistant seamless steel pipe by rotary piercing process,the inner surface of the steel pipe is prone to produce small cracks. Through metallographic analysis,high-temperature phase transformation calculation and high-temperature heating test, the studies show that because of the higher heating temperature and the longer heating time,which increases the surface oxidation and decarburization,during the heating process of the P92 billet with a through hole in the center make a large number of high temperature δ ferrite phases near the inner wall and then the cracks generate and propagate around the δ Ferrite phases at the subsequent process of rotary piercing. According to the mechanism of internal surface cracks,through the control of the Cr＜13%,Nieq＜4% for P92 pipe chemical composition, the lowering of the billet heating temperature from 1220-1250 ℃ to 1190-1220℃,and the improvement parameters of roll speed,roll distance and the piercing point,the problem of cracks on the internal surface of large-diameter P92 seamless steel pipe is effectively solved,and the yield and production efficiency of P92 seamless steel pipe are improved.关键词：P92;Seamless Steel Pipe;Rotary Piercing;Inner Surface Cracks;High Temperature δ Ferrite12|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The oriented silicon steel 0.04%-0.05% C, 3.03% -3.10% Si with yttrium contents of 0.026% , 0.058% and 0.14% are prepared in the laboratory by the 50 kg vacuum-induction furnace through conventional process. The composition, morphology, quantity, size and distribution of inclusions in steel are studied by SEM. The microstructure and texture of oriented silicon steel 2.4 mm hot rolled plate, 0.3 mm cold rolled sheet and a nnealed at 830 °C and 1050 °C are analyzed by OM and EBSD. The experimental results show that, with increasing Y content in steel, the size of inclusions becomes larger and the long-bar inclusions change to a spherical shape, their inhabitation becomes weaker. Therefore, the grain size after primary recrystallization gradually increases with increasing Y content. With Y content of 0. 026% silicon steel, the grain size after primary recrystallization is the smallest. The high storage energy of small grains provides a sufficient driving force for the high temperature annealing grain growth. Therefore, the average grain size after high temperature annealing is 115.7 μm, which is the largest. In the silicon steel with Y content of 0.026% , some Goss grains grow abnormally and Goss ( {110} ＜001＞) texture with strength of 5 appears, while a large amount of y texture still existed in silicon steel with Y content of 0.058% and 0.14%. Since the inclusion size in 0.026% Y steel is the smallest, it has a certain pinning effect, which makes the primary recrystallized grain finer. With the increase of Y content, the size of inclusions in 0.058% Y and 0.14% Y steel increase obviously, which weakens its inhibition on grain growth in the primary recrystallization process.关键词：Oriented Silicon Steel;Texture;Inclusions;Yttrium Microalloying5|2|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：With the help of optical microscope(OM),scanning electron microscope (SEM),transmission electron microscope(TEM),X-ray diffractometer (XRD)and other equipment,through mechanical performance testing and microstruc- ture observation,we explored the effects of furnace cooling,water cooling,and asbestos slow cooling three different cooling methods on the structure and properties of the hot-rolled condition C61 steel,compared the performance of the test steel in different conditions. The experimental results show that the cooling rate has a great influence on the performance of the test steel. Due to Vwater cooling＞ Vasbestos slow cooling＞ Vfurnace coolingthe strength and hardness of the test steel under water cooling condition are higher than those of furnace cooling and asbestos slow cooling. After hot rolling and water cooling,the tensile strength(Rm)and reduction of area(Z%)of the test steel are 1450 MPa and 62.7%,XRD analysis shows that the residual austenite content of the steel increases with the increased cooling rate after hot rolling,and the surface-centered cubic austenite is conducive to improve the toughness of the test steel. It can be seen that the test steel after hot rolled + water cooling was heated at 950 ℃ for 1 h quenched by water,and cold treatment at -73 ℃ for 1 h, then returned to room temperature,finally tempering at 482 ℃ for 16 h,air cooling to room temperature is the best process scheme.关键词：Heat Treatment Process;Hot Rolled;Microstructure;Mechanical Property2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：In this paper,the effects of alloy elements Cu,Sb,Sn,Mo and W of new national standard 09CrCuSb on their microstructure and mechanical properties are studied by means of metallographic microscope,scanning electron microscope, EPMA,tensile mechanical property test and Charpy impact test. The results show that the addition of alloying elements will promote the precipitation of δ-ferrite to increase the strength of the material but reduce its plasticity;δ-ferrite will significantly reduce the impact mechanical properties of the material,making the impact fracture change from plastic fracture to brittle fracture,especially for the impact energy at -40 ℃[Among them,Rp0.2=365.64 MPa,Charpy impact energies KV2243 J(ambient)and 192 J(-40℃)].Under the framework of the new national standard composition,it is necessary to adjust the reasonable hot working process to reduce the precipitation of δ-ferrite and improve the mechanical properties of the material.关键词：09CrCuSb Steel;Mechanical Properties;Sulfuric Acid Dew Point Corrosion;Steel for Boiler5|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The effect of 960-1040 °C solution temperature on the microstructure and properties of cold-rolled Inconel 601 alloy pipe is studied by metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope, mechanical test and corrosion test. When the solution temperature rises from 960 °C to 1040 °C , the size of recrystallized grains of alloy pipe gradually increases, and the growth rate is slow at first and then fast, which is mainly related to the dissolution of the precipitates phase and the activity of the elements. In this temperature range, the activation energy of grain growth after holding for 15 minutes is 393.08 kJ/mol, and the relationship between the tensile properties and grain size of alloy meets the Hall-Petch relationship. When the solution temperature is about 1020 °C，the hardness curve and the elongation curve appear at the intersection, and the corrosion rate at this time is also low and stable. The optimal solution treatment process for Inconel 601 alloy is at 1020 °C insulation for 15 min.关键词：Inconel 601 Alloy;Solution Treatment;Structure;Cold Rolled3|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
- 摘要：The microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Fe-Mn-Al steel under different annealing,solution and aging processes are studied by meansa of SEM, XRD and EPMA. The results show that the 900- 1050 ℃annealing temperature has a great influence on the microstructure and properties of the tested steel. With the increase of annealing temperature,the grain size increases,the carbide gradually redissolved,the strength decreases,and the plasticity-toughness improves. When the annealing temperature is at 1050 ℃ for 2 h air cooling,the tensile strength is 1036 MPa,the elongation is 39%,the impact energy is 41 J and the best plasticity-strength is 40 GPa ·%.The microstructure of the test steel is austenite + ferrite +k carbides after solution treatment at 1050 ℃ for 2 h and water cooling. With the increase of aging temperature,k carbides precipitate gradually,which increases the strength and decreases the plasticity and toughness of the test steel. When aged at 600 ℃,the tensile strength is 1145 MPa,the elongation is 22% and the impact energy is 28 J, the comprehensive mechanical properties all meet the design requirements.关键词：Fe-Mn-Al-C Steel;Annealing Temperature;Aging Temperature;Mechanical Properties;Microstructure2|0|0更新时间：2026-01-21
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